CVE-2019-5154 in LEADTOOLS
Summary
by MITRE
An exploitable heap overflow vulnerability exists in the JPEG2000 parsing functionality of LEADTOOLS 20.0.2019.3.15. A specially crafted J2K image file can cause an out of bounds write of a null byte in a heap buffer, potentially resulting in code execution. An attack can specially craft a J2K image to trigger this vulnerability.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 03/10/2024
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2019-5154 represents a critical heap overflow flaw within the LEADTOOLS 20.0.2019.3.15 JPEG2000 parsing component. This issue manifests as an out-of-bounds write operation that specifically targets heap memory buffers, creating a potential pathway for remote code execution. The vulnerability resides in the handling of J2K image files, which are processed through the LEADTOOLS library during image parsing operations. The flaw occurs when the software encounters malformed JPEG2000 data structures that exceed expected buffer boundaries, allowing attackers to manipulate heap memory layout and potentially execute arbitrary code. This vulnerability is particularly concerning as it can be triggered through simple file manipulation without requiring complex attack vectors or user interaction.
The technical exploitation of this heap overflow leverages the fundamental weakness in memory management within the JPEG2000 parser implementation. When processing specially crafted J2K files, the parsing routine fails to properly validate buffer sizes and memory allocation boundaries, resulting in a null byte write that extends beyond allocated heap space. This type of vulnerability falls under CWE-121, heap-based buffer overflow, and represents a classic example of improper input validation leading to memory corruption. The attack vector is particularly dangerous because it can be initiated through standard file processing operations, making it accessible to attackers who can simply prepare malicious J2K files for distribution. The vulnerability's impact is amplified by the widespread use of LEADTOOLS in various applications that handle image processing, potentially affecting multiple software ecosystems.
The operational impact of CVE-2019-5154 extends beyond immediate code execution capabilities to encompass broader system compromise scenarios. Attackers who successfully exploit this vulnerability can gain unauthorized access to systems processing JPEG2000 images, potentially leading to complete system compromise or data exfiltration. The vulnerability's characteristics align with ATT&CK technique T1059.007, which involves the use of scripting languages for execution, as the heap overflow can be leveraged to inject and execute malicious code within the target environment. Systems utilizing LEADTOOLS for image processing, document management, or medical imaging applications are particularly at risk, as these environments often process untrusted image data from external sources. The vulnerability can be exploited in various contexts including web applications, desktop software, and mobile platforms that rely on LEADTOOLS for image handling functionality.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2019-5154 should prioritize immediate patching of affected LEADTOOLS installations to version 20.0.2019.5.20 or later, which contains the necessary fixes for the heap overflow condition. Organizations should implement comprehensive input validation measures for all JPEG2000 image processing workflows, including strict file format verification and size parameter enforcement. Network-based defenses can include content filtering systems that scan for potentially malicious J2K files before they reach processing systems. Additionally, application sandboxing and memory protection mechanisms such as address space layout randomization and data execution prevention should be enabled to reduce exploitation success rates. System administrators should monitor for unusual image processing activities and implement automated vulnerability scanning to identify unpatched systems within their environments. The remediation process must also include thorough testing of patched software to ensure that the fix does not introduce regressions in legitimate image processing functionality while maintaining robust protection against heap-based memory corruption attacks.