CVE-2019-5159 in e!Cockpit
Summary
by MITRE
An exploitable improper input validation vulnerability exists in the firmware update functionality of WAGO e!COCKPIT automation software v1.6.0.7. A specially crafted firmware update file can allow an attacker to write arbitrary files to arbitrary locations on WAGO controllers as a part of executing a firmware update, potentially resulting in code execution. An attacker can create a malicious firmware update package file using any zip utility. The user must initiate a firmware update through e!COCKPIT and choose the malicious wup file using the file browser to trigger the vulnerability.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 05/10/2025
The vulnerability described in CVE-2019-5159 represents a critical improper input validation flaw within the firmware update mechanism of WAGO e!COCKPIT automation software version 1.6.0.7. This issue falls under CWE-20, which specifically addresses improper input validation, and demonstrates how inadequate sanitization of user-provided data can lead to severe security implications in industrial control systems. The vulnerability exists within the firmware update functionality that processes update packages, creating a pathway for attackers to manipulate the system's update process and potentially gain unauthorized control over industrial automation equipment.
The technical exploitation of this vulnerability occurs through the manipulation of firmware update packages that are processed by the e!COCKPIT software. Attackers can craft malicious .wup files using standard zip utilities, which when processed by the firmware update mechanism, allow for arbitrary file writing to any location on the target WAGO controllers. This flaw stems from insufficient validation of file paths and contents within the update package, enabling path traversal attacks that bypass normal file system access controls. The vulnerability is particularly concerning because it operates at the firmware level, where successful exploitation could result in complete system compromise and potential operational technology disruption.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple file system manipulation to encompass full system compromise and potential code execution capabilities. When an attacker successfully triggers this vulnerability, they can execute arbitrary code on the target controllers, potentially leading to unauthorized access to industrial processes, data manipulation, or complete system takeover. The attack requires user interaction through the e!COCKPIT interface, making it a user-initiated privilege escalation vector that could be exploited through social engineering or by compromising legitimate users with access to the system. This vulnerability directly impacts the integrity and availability of industrial control systems, potentially affecting critical infrastructure operations.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2019-5159 should focus on both immediate remediation and long-term security hardening of industrial automation systems. Organizations should immediately apply firmware updates from WAGO to address this vulnerability, while implementing strict access controls and user authentication measures for the e!COCKPIT software. Network segmentation and monitoring of firmware update activities can help detect and prevent unauthorized update attempts. The vulnerability's characteristics align with ATT&CK technique T1059.005 for command and scripting interpreter, as exploitation may involve executing malicious code through the compromised update process. Additionally, implementing proper input validation and sanitization practices in industrial software development, following standards such as those outlined in NIST SP 800-82 for industrial control systems security, would prevent similar vulnerabilities from emerging in future versions of automation software.