CVE-2019-7328 in ZoneMinder
Summary
by MITRE
Reflected Cross Site Scripting (XSS) exists in ZoneMinder through 1.32.3, allowing an attacker to execute HTML or JavaScript code via a vulnerable 'scale' parameter value in the view frame (frame.php) via /js/frame.js.php because proper filtration is omitted.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 07/06/2023
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2019-7328 represents a critical reflected cross site scripting flaw within ZoneMinder version 1.32.3 and earlier. This security weakness resides in the web interface's handling of user input parameters, specifically affecting the 'scale' parameter within the view frame functionality. The vulnerability allows malicious actors to inject and execute arbitrary HTML or JavaScript code within the context of a victim's browser session, potentially leading to unauthorized access to sensitive information or complete compromise of the affected system.
The technical exploitation occurs through the frame.php script which processes the 'scale' parameter without implementing proper input validation or output encoding mechanisms. When a user navigates to a maliciously crafted URL containing the XSS payload within the scale parameter, the web application fails to sanitize this input before rendering it in the response. The javascript file js/frame.js.php acts as an intermediary in this process, further amplifying the impact by executing the malicious code within the browser context. This vulnerability falls under CWE-79 which specifically addresses Cross Site Scripting flaws, and aligns with ATT&CK technique T1203 which covers Exploitation for Client Execution through web-based attacks.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple script execution, as it enables attackers to perform session hijacking, steal authentication tokens, redirect users to malicious sites, or even execute more sophisticated attacks such as credential theft. An attacker could craft a URL containing malicious JavaScript that, when clicked by an authenticated user, would execute in the victim's browser with the privileges of that user. This could result in unauthorized access to surveillance footage, modification of system configurations, or complete compromise of the ZoneMinder installation. The vulnerability affects all users who have access to the web interface, making it particularly dangerous in environments where multiple users with varying privilege levels interact with the system.
Mitigation strategies should focus on implementing proper input validation and output encoding mechanisms throughout the application. The most effective approach involves sanitizing all user-supplied input parameters, particularly those used in dynamic content generation. Developers should implement strict parameter validation that rejects or encodes any input containing potentially dangerous characters such as angle brackets, quotes, or javascript keywords. Additionally, the application should employ Content Security Policy headers to limit script execution and prevent unauthorized code injection. Regular security updates and patches should be applied immediately upon release, as ZoneMinder has since addressed this vulnerability in subsequent releases. Organizations should also consider implementing web application firewalls and monitoring for suspicious URL patterns that may indicate attempted exploitation of this vulnerability. The remediation process should include comprehensive code review to identify and address similar input handling issues throughout the application codebase to prevent analogous vulnerabilities from existing in other components.