CVE-2019-8951 in DIVAR IP 2000
Summary
by MITRE
An Open Redirect vulnerability located in the webserver affects several Bosch hardware and software products. The vulnerability potentially allows a remote attacker to redirect users to an arbitrary URL. Affected hardware products: Bosch DIVAR IP 2000 (vulnerable versions: 3.10; 3.20; 3.21; 3.50; 3.51; 3.55; 3.60; 3.61; 3.62; fixed versions: 3.62.0019 and newer), Bosch DIVAR IP 5000 (vulnerable versions: 3.10; 3.20; 3.21; 3.50; 3.51; 3.55; 3.60; 3.61; 3.62; fixed versions: 3.80.0033 and newer). Affected software products: Video Recording Manager (VRM) (vulnerable versions: 3.20; 3.21; 3.50; 3.51; 3.55; 3.60; 3.61; 3.62; fixed versions: 3.70.0056 and newer; 3.81.0032 and newer), Bosch Video Management System (BVMS) (vulnerable versions: 3.50.00XX; 3.55.00XX; 3.60.00XX; fixed versions: 7.5; 3.70.0056).
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 06/09/2020
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2019-8951 represents a critical open redirect flaw within Bosch's web-based management interfaces for security infrastructure products. This weakness resides in the webserver component of multiple Bosch hardware and software solutions, creating a pathway for malicious actors to manipulate user navigation through carefully crafted URLs. The vulnerability specifically affects the authentication and session management mechanisms within these systems, allowing attackers to construct malicious redirect links that can deceive users into visiting unauthorized third-party domains. The impact extends across several Bosch product lines including the DIVAR IP 2000 and DIVAR IP 5000 series network video recording devices, as well as the Video Recording Manager and Bosch Video Management System software platforms. This issue falls under the Common Weakness Enumeration category CWE-601, which specifically addresses open redirect vulnerabilities that enable attackers to forward users to malicious websites. The attack vector leverages the trust relationship between the legitimate Bosch system and end users, making it particularly dangerous in enterprise security environments where these devices are often deployed for critical surveillance and access control functions. The vulnerability is particularly concerning because it can be exploited without requiring authentication credentials, making it accessible to anyone who can interact with the affected web interfaces.
The technical exploitation of this vulnerability occurs when the webserver fails to properly validate redirect URLs, allowing attackers to inject malicious URLs into redirect parameters within the application's web interface. When users click on links that should redirect to legitimate internal resources, they are instead directed to attacker-controlled domains that can host phishing pages, malware distribution sites, or malicious content designed to capture credentials or system information. The affected versions span multiple release cycles of Bosch products, indicating this was a persistent flaw in the web application logic that was not properly addressed through standard security review processes. The vulnerability manifests in the way the webserver handles redirect requests, typically through parameters that control navigation flow within the application. Attackers can construct URLs containing malicious redirect targets that bypass normal validation checks, creating a situation where legitimate users are unknowingly redirected to harmful destinations. This flaw particularly affects the user experience and security posture of the systems, as it can be used to create convincing social engineering attacks that exploit the trust users have in legitimate Bosch systems. The vulnerability is classified under the MITRE ATT&CK framework as part of the T1566 technique category, which involves social engineering through malicious links or redirects, specifically targeting user trust in legitimate applications. The impact is compounded by the fact that these systems are typically deployed in security-critical environments where administrators and users expect the systems to maintain integrity and prevent unauthorized access to external resources.
The operational impact of CVE-2019-8951 extends beyond simple redirection attacks, as it can serve as a stepping stone for more sophisticated attacks within the affected environments. Organizations using vulnerable Bosch systems face increased risk of credential theft, malware deployment, and potential lateral movement within their networks. The vulnerability can be exploited to create phishing campaigns that appear legitimate due to the trusted nature of the Bosch platforms, making user education and awareness particularly challenging. Security administrators must consider that attackers could use this vulnerability to redirect users to sites that can harvest login credentials or deploy malware that targets the specific software environments. The attack scenario becomes more dangerous when considering that these systems often contain sensitive surveillance data and access control information, making them attractive targets for attackers seeking to compromise entire security infrastructures. The vulnerability also impacts the integrity of the user experience, as legitimate users may unknowingly navigate to malicious sites while performing routine administrative tasks within the systems. Organizations with multiple affected devices face the additional complexity of managing remediation across various product lines and software versions, requiring careful coordination and testing to ensure that updates do not disrupt existing operational workflows. The widespread nature of the vulnerability across multiple Bosch product families indicates that organizations may have to conduct comprehensive inventory assessments to identify all affected systems, potentially including older systems that may no longer receive support updates.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2019-8951 should prioritize immediate implementation of vendor-provided patches and firmware updates for all affected product versions. Organizations must ensure that all vulnerable systems are updated to the fixed versions specified by Bosch, including the 3.62.0019 and newer for DIVAR IP 2000, 3.80.0033 and newer for DIVAR IP 5000, and the appropriate software versions for VRM and BVMS platforms. Network segmentation and access control measures should be implemented to limit exposure of these web interfaces to untrusted networks, while also ensuring that only authorized personnel have access to the affected systems. Additional defensive measures include implementing web application firewalls to monitor and filter redirect parameters, conducting regular security assessments to identify similar vulnerabilities in other systems, and establishing robust incident response procedures that account for potential redirection attacks. The vulnerability highlights the importance of proper input validation and secure coding practices within web applications, particularly in security-critical systems where user trust is paramount. Organizations should also consider implementing user education programs that help personnel recognize potential redirection attacks and understand the risks associated with clicking on unfamiliar links within trusted systems. Monitoring network traffic for suspicious redirect patterns and implementing automated alerting systems can provide early detection of exploitation attempts. The remediation process should include thorough testing of updated systems to ensure that the patches do not introduce compatibility issues with existing configurations or operational procedures. Regular vulnerability assessments should be conducted to identify similar weaknesses in other parts of the network infrastructure, particularly in applications that handle user redirection or authentication flows. The vulnerability serves as a reminder of the critical importance of maintaining up-to-date security measures and the need for continuous monitoring of security patches across all enterprise systems.