CVE-2019-9227 in baigo
Summary
by MITRE
An issue was discovered in baigo CMS 2.1.1. There is a vulnerability that allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code. A BG_SITE_NAME parameter with malicious code can be written into the opt_base.inc.php file.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 07/26/2023
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2019-9227 represents a critical remote code execution flaw within baigo CMS version 2.1.1 that stems from improper input validation and insecure file handling mechanisms. This vulnerability specifically targets the configuration file opt_base.inc.php where user-supplied parameters are directly written without adequate sanitization or validation checks. The issue manifests through the BG_SITE_NAME parameter which serves as an entry point for malicious input that can be persisted into the application's configuration file. This type of vulnerability falls under CWE-94, which describes "Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')" and represents a classic example of how insufficient input validation can lead to arbitrary code execution in web applications.
The technical exploitation of this vulnerability occurs when an attacker crafts malicious input for the BG_SITE_NAME parameter and submits it through the application's configuration interface or installation process. The application fails to properly sanitize this input before writing it to the opt_base.inc.php file, which is typically included or required by the CMS during runtime. When the CMS processes this configuration file, any malicious code embedded within the BG_SITE_NAME parameter gets executed within the context of the web server process. This creates a persistent backdoor that allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands on the affected server, potentially leading to complete system compromise. The vulnerability is particularly dangerous because it can be exploited during the initial installation or configuration phase, making it difficult to detect and remediate once the malicious payload has been established.
The operational impact of CVE-2019-9227 extends far beyond simple code execution, as it provides attackers with complete control over the affected server environment. Once exploited, attackers can establish persistent access, escalate privileges, and potentially use the compromised system as a launch point for further attacks within the network infrastructure. The vulnerability affects the fundamental integrity of the CMS by allowing unauthorized modifications to core configuration files, which can result in data exfiltration, service disruption, or the deployment of additional malicious payloads. From an attacker's perspective, this vulnerability aligns with ATT&CK technique T1059.001 for Command and Scripting Interpreter, enabling adversaries to execute code in the context of the affected system. The long-term implications include potential data breaches, regulatory compliance violations, and significant reputational damage to organizations using vulnerable versions of baigo CMS.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2019-9227 should prioritize immediate patching of affected systems with the latest version of baigo CMS that addresses this vulnerability. Organizations should implement input validation and sanitization measures at all entry points where user-supplied data is processed and stored, particularly in configuration management functions. Network segmentation and access controls should be enforced to limit the potential impact of exploitation, while regular security monitoring and log analysis should be implemented to detect suspicious activities. The vulnerability demonstrates the critical importance of secure coding practices and proper input validation, as outlined in OWASP Top 10 2017 category A03: Injection, which directly relates to the code injection patterns exploited in this vulnerability. Additionally, organizations should conduct comprehensive security assessments of their CMS installations and ensure that all third-party components are regularly updated to address known vulnerabilities, implementing a robust patch management program to prevent similar issues from occurring in the future.