CVE-2020-22539 in Codoforum
Summary
by MITRE • 04/16/2024
An arbitrary file upload vulnerability in the Add Category function of Codoforum v4.9 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via uploading a crafted file.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 08/23/2024
The vulnerability CVE-2020-22539 represents a critical arbitrary file upload flaw within the Codoforum v4.9 platform that specifically affects the Add Category function. This issue stems from insufficient input validation and file type checking mechanisms within the forum's administrative interface, creating a pathway for malicious actors to bypass security controls and upload potentially harmful files to the server. The vulnerability falls under the category of CWE-434 which specifically addresses insecure file upload vulnerabilities where applications fail to properly validate or sanitize uploaded files, allowing attackers to upload files with executable content or malicious code.
The technical exploitation of this vulnerability occurs when an attacker gains access to the administrative section of the Codoforum platform and attempts to create a new category through the Add Category function. During this process, the application does not adequately verify the file type or content of the uploaded file, enabling attackers to submit crafted files that may contain malicious code or scripts. When these files are processed and stored on the server, they can be executed by the web server, potentially allowing remote code execution and complete system compromise. The vulnerability is particularly dangerous because it leverages legitimate administrative functions that are typically protected by authentication mechanisms, making it difficult to detect and prevent unauthorized access attempts.
The operational impact of CVE-2020-22539 extends beyond simple data theft or corruption, as successful exploitation can lead to complete system compromise and persistent backdoor access. Attackers can upload web shells, malware, or other malicious payloads that allow them to execute arbitrary commands on the affected server, potentially leading to data exfiltration, service disruption, or further lateral movement within the network. This vulnerability directly maps to several ATT&CK techniques including T1190 for exploitation of vulnerabilities, T1059 for command and scripting interpreter usage, and T1078 for valid accounts usage. Organizations running Codoforum v4.9 are at significant risk of unauthorized access and potential data breaches, especially when the platform is accessible from untrusted networks or when administrative credentials are compromised through other means.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2020-22539 should focus on immediate patching of the affected Codoforum version to the latest available release that addresses this specific vulnerability. Organizations should implement robust file upload validation mechanisms that enforce strict content type checking, file extension filtering, and file size limitations for all uploaded files. Additionally, proper access controls and authentication measures should be enforced, including multi-factor authentication for administrative accounts, network segmentation, and regular security monitoring to detect unauthorized file uploads. The implementation of web application firewalls and intrusion detection systems can provide additional layers of protection by monitoring for suspicious upload patterns and blocking known malicious file types. Organizations should also conduct comprehensive security assessments of their forum installations, review file upload configurations, and ensure that all administrative functions are properly secured against unauthorized access attempts.