CVE-2020-2537 in Business Intelligence Enterprise Edition
Summary
by MITRE
Vulnerability in the Oracle Business Intelligence Enterprise Edition product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: Analytics Actions). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.1.3.0 and 12.2.1.4.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle Business Intelligence Enterprise Edition. Successful attacks require human interaction from a person other than the attacker and while the vulnerability is in Oracle Business Intelligence Enterprise Edition, attacks may significantly impact additional products. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized update, insert or delete access to some of Oracle Business Intelligence Enterprise Edition accessible data as well as unauthorized read access to a subset of Oracle Business Intelligence Enterprise Edition accessible data and unauthorized ability to cause a partial denial of service (partial DOS) of Oracle Business Intelligence Enterprise Edition. CVSS 3.0 Base Score 7.1 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L).
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 03/22/2024
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2020-2537 represents a critical security flaw within Oracle Business Intelligence Enterprise Edition, specifically within the Analytics Actions component of Oracle Fusion Middleware. This vulnerability affects versions 12.2.1.3.0 and 12.2.1.4.0, making them susceptible to exploitation by unauthenticated attackers who can access the system through HTTP protocols. The flaw falls under CWE-284, which addresses improper access control, and demonstrates how inadequate privilege management can lead to severe security implications in enterprise business intelligence platforms.
The technical exploitation of this vulnerability requires minimal attacker effort with a CVSS base score of 7.1, indicating a moderate to high risk level. Attackers can leverage this weakness to perform unauthorized operations including data modification, insertion, and deletion within the affected Oracle Business Intelligence environment. The vulnerability's impact extends beyond the immediate system as it can compromise additional products within the Oracle Fusion Middleware ecosystem, creating cascading security risks that organizations must address comprehensively. This interconnected nature of the vulnerability aligns with ATT&CK technique T1078.004, which covers legitimate credentials, as unauthorized access could potentially be achieved through compromised or misconfigured authentication mechanisms.
The operational impact of successful exploitation includes significant data integrity and confidentiality breaches, allowing attackers to access sensitive business intelligence data while simultaneously creating opportunities for partial denial of service conditions. The requirement for human interaction, as indicated by the CVSS vector UI:R component, suggests that social engineering or targeted user engagement may be necessary to complete the attack chain, though this does not diminish the overall risk level. Organizations utilizing affected versions face potential financial losses, competitive disadvantages, and regulatory compliance issues due to unauthorized data access and modification capabilities. The vulnerability's classification under CVSS 3.0 vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L) demonstrates that network-based attacks can be executed with low complexity, no prior privileges, and require only user interaction to achieve full impact across confidentiality, integrity, and availability domains.
Mitigation strategies should prioritize immediate patching of affected Oracle Fusion Middleware installations, implementation of network segmentation to limit access to business intelligence systems, and enhanced monitoring of HTTP traffic for suspicious activities. Organizations must also review their access control policies and implement additional authentication layers to reduce the attack surface. The vulnerability highlights the importance of maintaining current security patches and conducting regular vulnerability assessments to identify and remediate similar weaknesses in enterprise software environments. Security teams should consider implementing intrusion detection systems specifically configured to identify exploitation attempts targeting Oracle BI components, as well as establishing incident response procedures that address potential data compromise scenarios.