CVE-2020-2728 in Identity Manager
Summary
by MITRE
Vulnerability in the Identity Manager product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: OIM - LDAP user and role Synch). The supported version that is affected is 12.2.1.3.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Identity Manager. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all Identity Manager accessible data. CVSS 3.0 Base Score 7.5 (Confidentiality impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N).
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 03/22/2024
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2020-2728 resides within Oracle Fusion Middleware's Identity Manager product, specifically within the OIM LDAP user and role synchronization component. This flaw affects version 12.2.1.3.0 of the software and represents a significant security weakness that can be exploited without requiring authentication credentials. The vulnerability operates through the HTTP protocol, making it accessible to attackers who can establish network connections to the affected system. The CVSS 3.0 scoring system assigns this vulnerability a base score of 7.5, which classifies it as a high-severity issue with a CVSS vector indicating network accessibility, low attack complexity, no required privileges, and no user interaction needed. The confidentiality impact is rated as high, suggesting that successful exploitation could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive data or complete data compromise within the Identity Manager environment.
The technical nature of this vulnerability stems from insufficient authentication mechanisms within the LDAP synchronization functionality of Oracle Identity Manager. Attackers can leverage this weakness to bypass normal access controls and gain unauthorized access to critical identity management data. The flaw essentially allows malicious actors to perform operations that should require proper authentication and authorization, potentially enabling them to extract user credentials, role assignments, and other sensitive identity information stored within the system. This type of vulnerability typically falls under CWE-287 which addresses improper authentication issues, and may also align with ATT&CK technique T1078 for valid accounts usage, as attackers could potentially leverage compromised identity data to maintain persistent access to the system. The impact extends beyond simple data theft as compromised identity information could enable attackers to escalate privileges and move laterally within the network infrastructure.
The operational consequences of this vulnerability are severe and multifaceted for organizations relying on Oracle Identity Manager for their identity and access management needs. Successful exploitation could result in complete compromise of the identity management system, allowing attackers to access all user accounts, roles, and permissions managed by the platform. This scenario creates a significant risk of privilege escalation and unauthorized access to systems and data protected by the compromised identity infrastructure. Organizations may face regulatory compliance violations, data breaches, and potential legal consequences due to the exposure of sensitive identity information. The vulnerability's network accessibility means that attackers do not require physical presence or insider knowledge to exploit the flaw, making it particularly dangerous in environments where network exposure is unavoidable. Security teams must consider that this vulnerability could serve as a gateway for more extensive attacks, potentially leading to complete system compromise and data exfiltration.
Organizations should implement immediate mitigations to address this vulnerability including applying the relevant Oracle Critical Patch Update (CPU) or security patches released by Oracle to fix the authentication bypass issue. Network segmentation and firewall rules should be reviewed to limit access to the Identity Manager components and restrict HTTP access to authorized administrative networks only. Implementing additional monitoring and logging mechanisms around the LDAP synchronization processes can help detect unauthorized access attempts. Regular security assessments should be conducted to identify and remediate similar vulnerabilities in other components of the Oracle Fusion Middleware stack. Organizations should also consider implementing multi-factor authentication mechanisms and privileged access management solutions to reduce the impact of potential credential compromises. The vulnerability's classification as easily exploitable means that organizations should prioritize patching this issue as a high-priority security measure, particularly in environments where the affected system is exposed to untrusted networks or where identity management data is considered highly sensitive.