CVE-2021-20391 in QRadar User Behavior Analytics
Summary
by MITRE • 05/15/2021
IBM QRadar User Behavior Analytics 1.0.0 through 4.1.0 allows web pages to be stored locally which can be read by another user on the system. IBM X-Force ID: 195999.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 05/16/2021
IBM QRadar User Behavior Analytics version 1.0.0 through 4.1.0 contains a critical information disclosure vulnerability that enables unauthorized cross-user data access through local file storage mechanisms. This vulnerability stems from insufficient access controls and improper file handling within the application's web interface components, allowing malicious actors to store web content locally and subsequently access data belonging to other system users. The flaw represents a significant breach in the application's security model, as it undermines the fundamental principle of user isolation and data confidentiality that security frameworks such as CWE-200 require for proper information protection.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability occurs when the application permits web pages to be stored locally on the system filesystem without adequate user context separation. When multiple users interact with the QRadar platform, the local storage mechanism fails to properly isolate files based on user sessions or authentication contexts. This creates a scenario where one authenticated user can potentially access files or data that were originally intended for another user, effectively bypassing the application's access control mechanisms. The vulnerability aligns with ATT&CK technique T1074.001 for data staging and T1566.001 for credential access, as it enables unauthorized data retrieval through compromised local storage channels.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple information disclosure, as it can lead to comprehensive data breaches within the security monitoring environment. Attackers could exploit this weakness to access sensitive user behavioral patterns, security event data, and potentially confidential operational information that should remain isolated between different user accounts. The vulnerability affects the integrity of the security monitoring platform's user management system, potentially enabling attackers to escalate privileges or conduct reconnaissance activities that would normally be restricted. This represents a critical failure in the application's defense-in-depth strategy, as local file system access controls should prevent cross-user data leakage.
Organizations utilizing IBM QRadar User Behavior Analytics should immediately implement mitigations including applying the latest security patches from IBM, reviewing and hardening local file storage configurations, and implementing additional access controls for local file system components. System administrators should conduct thorough audits of local storage directories to identify and remove any existing compromised files, while also monitoring for unauthorized file access patterns. The vulnerability demonstrates the importance of proper input validation and secure coding practices as outlined in OWASP Top 10 and NIST SP 800-53 security controls, particularly in applications handling sensitive security data where user isolation is paramount for maintaining system integrity and protecting against lateral movement attacks.