CVE-2021-2057 in Retail Customer Management and Segmentation Foundation
Summary
by MITRE • 01/20/2021
Vulnerability in the Oracle Retail Customer Management and Segmentation Foundation product of Oracle Retail Applications (component: Internal Operations). The supported version that is affected is 19.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle Retail Customer Management and Segmentation Foundation. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized update, insert or delete access to some of Oracle Retail Customer Management and Segmentation Foundation accessible data as well as unauthorized read access to a subset of Oracle Retail Customer Management and Segmentation Foundation accessible data and unauthorized ability to cause a partial denial of service (partial DOS) of Oracle Retail Customer Management and Segmentation Foundation. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 6.3 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L).
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 02/17/2021
This vulnerability exists within Oracle Retail Customer Management and Segmentation Foundation version 19.0, specifically within the Internal Operations component of Oracle Retail Applications. The flaw represents a critical security weakness that enables low-privileged attackers to exploit network-based HTTP access points to compromise the system. The vulnerability's exploitability score of 6.3 on the CVSS 3.1 scale indicates a moderate to high risk level, with impacts spanning confidentiality, integrity, and availability domains. The attack vector requires network access via HTTP, making it accessible to remote threat actors who may not require extensive privileges to initiate exploitation attempts.
The technical nature of this vulnerability stems from insufficient access controls and authentication mechanisms within the internal operations framework of the retail customer management system. Attackers with minimal privileges can leverage this weakness to execute unauthorized operations including data modification, insertion, and deletion activities against specific data sets within the system's accessible database. Additionally, the flaw permits unauthorized read access to sensitive data subsets, potentially exposing customer information and business-critical data. The vulnerability also allows for partial denial of service conditions, where attackers can disrupt system operations and reduce availability of critical services. This multi-faceted impact aligns with CWE-284 (Improper Access Control) and CWE-310 (Cryptographic Issues) classifications, demonstrating how inadequate authorization controls can lead to cascading security failures.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond immediate data compromise to potentially disrupt core retail operations and customer management processes. Organizations utilizing Oracle Retail Customer Management and Segmentation Foundation may face unauthorized data manipulation that could affect customer records, segmentation strategies, and business analytics. The partial denial of service capability poses risks to system availability, potentially affecting customer service operations and retail business continuity. This vulnerability particularly impacts businesses that rely heavily on customer data management and segmentation for marketing campaigns, inventory management, and customer relationship optimization. The security implications align with ATT&CK technique T1078 (Valid Accounts) and T1068 (Exploitation for Privilege Escalation), as attackers can leverage existing accounts to perform unauthorized operations without requiring additional credential compromise.
Organizations should implement immediate mitigation strategies including applying Oracle's security patches and updates as soon as they become available, reviewing and strengthening access controls within the internal operations framework, and implementing network segmentation to limit access to the vulnerable system. Regular security assessments and monitoring of database activities should be enhanced to detect unauthorized access attempts. Network-level controls such as firewalls and intrusion detection systems should be configured to restrict HTTP access to only authorized personnel and systems. The vulnerability highlights the importance of maintaining up-to-date security patches and implementing defense-in-depth strategies to protect critical business applications. Organizations should also consider conducting vulnerability assessments to identify similar weaknesses in other Oracle Retail components and ensure comprehensive security coverage across their retail management systems.