CVE-2021-26618 in ToOffice
Summary
by MITRE • 02/18/2022
An improper input validation leading to arbitrary file creation was discovered in ToWord of ToOffice. Remote attackers use this vulnerability to execute arbitrary file included malicious code.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 05/18/2026
The vulnerability identified in ToWord of ToOffice represents a critical input validation flaw that enables remote attackers to perform arbitrary file creation operations. This weakness stems from insufficient validation of user-supplied data during the processing of file operations within the application's file handling mechanisms. The vulnerability manifests when the application fails to properly sanitize or validate input parameters that control file creation processes, allowing malicious actors to inject crafted file paths or names that bypass normal security controls.
This improper input validation vulnerability falls under the broader category of CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory, which is commonly associated with path traversal attacks and arbitrary file operations. The flaw creates a pathway for attackers to manipulate the file system by injecting malicious file paths that can result in the creation of arbitrary files on the target system. When combined with the ability to include malicious code within these created files, the vulnerability becomes particularly dangerous as it enables attackers to establish persistent backdoors or execute arbitrary code within the context of the application's privileges.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple file creation, as it provides attackers with a means to achieve remote code execution through the inclusion of malicious code within the arbitrarily created files. This capability allows adversaries to escalate their privileges and potentially compromise the entire system or network. The vulnerability is particularly concerning in enterprise environments where ToOffice applications may be used for document processing, as attackers could exploit this weakness to gain unauthorized access to sensitive data or establish persistent access points within the network infrastructure.
Security professionals should implement multiple layers of mitigation strategies to address this vulnerability effectively. Input validation controls must be strengthened to ensure all file path parameters are properly sanitized and validated against a whitelist of acceptable values. Additionally, implementing proper file system permissions and access controls can limit the damage that can be caused by arbitrary file creation. The principle of least privilege should be enforced to ensure that the application operates with minimal necessary permissions, preventing attackers from creating files in critical system directories. Organizations should also consider implementing application whitelisting solutions and monitoring for suspicious file creation activities as part of their overall security posture. This vulnerability demonstrates the importance of secure coding practices and proper input validation as outlined in the OWASP Top Ten and MITRE ATT&CK framework, particularly in the context of file system manipulation and privilege escalation techniques.