CVE-2021-27504 in CC32XX
Summary
by MITRE • 11/21/2023
Texas Instruments devices running FREERTOS, malloc returns a valid pointer to a small buffer on extremely large values, which can trigger an integer overflow vulnerability in 'malloc' for FreeRTOS, resulting in code execution.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 12/15/2023
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2021-27504 resides within Texas Instruments devices that utilize FreeRTOS operating systems and specifically affects the memory allocation functions implemented in the system. This issue manifests when the malloc function receives extremely large memory allocation requests that exceed the typical parameter limits. The flaw operates through a sophisticated mechanism where the system's memory allocator accepts these oversized requests and returns a valid pointer to a small buffer instead of properly handling the overflow condition. This behavior creates a dangerous scenario where memory management operations become unpredictable and potentially exploitable.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability stems from improper bounds checking within the FreeRTOS malloc implementation. When an application requests an excessive amount of memory, typically through integer overflow conditions, the system's memory allocator fails to properly validate the requested size before attempting allocation. This results in the malloc function returning a pointer to a buffer that is significantly smaller than requested, yet still appears valid to the calling application. The vulnerability is classified as an integer overflow issue that can be leveraged for code execution, making it particularly dangerous in embedded systems environments. According to CWE classification, this represents a weakness in the system's memory management and input validation processes.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple memory corruption, as it creates opportunities for remote code execution within Texas Instruments devices that rely on FreeRTOS. Attackers can exploit this condition by crafting malicious allocation requests that trigger the integer overflow, potentially leading to arbitrary code execution on the target device. The implications are severe in industrial control systems, IoT devices, and embedded platforms where these Texas Instruments processors are commonly deployed. The vulnerability affects the fundamental memory management capabilities of the operating system, potentially compromising the entire device's integrity and security posture. This weakness can be particularly devastating in environments where device stability and security are paramount, such as critical infrastructure and automotive systems.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2021-27504 require immediate attention through firmware updates provided by Texas Instruments, as the vulnerability exists within the core system components. Organizations should implement comprehensive memory allocation monitoring and validation procedures to detect anomalous allocation patterns that might indicate exploitation attempts. System administrators must ensure that all affected devices receive security patches promptly and that proper input validation is implemented at application levels to prevent malformed allocation requests. The vulnerability also highlights the importance of adhering to security standards such as those outlined in the ATT&CK framework, particularly in relation to privilege escalation and execution techniques that could be leveraged through memory corruption vulnerabilities. Additionally, network segmentation and monitoring should be implemented to detect potential exploitation attempts targeting these embedded systems.