CVE-2021-29907 in OpenPages with Watson
Summary
by MITRE • 08/31/2021
IBM OpenPages with Watson 8.1 and 8.2 could allow an authenticated user to upload a file that could execute arbitrary code on the system. IBM X-Force ID: 207633.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 09/03/2021
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2021-29907 affects IBM OpenPages with Watson versions 8.1 and 8.2, representing a critical security flaw that enables authenticated users to execute arbitrary code on affected systems. This vulnerability stems from inadequate input validation mechanisms within the file upload functionality of the application. The flaw allows an attacker with valid credentials to upload malicious files that can subsequently be executed with the privileges of the application server, potentially leading to complete system compromise.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability resides in the application's file handling processes where user-supplied files are not properly validated or sanitized before being processed. This creates an environment where malicious payloads can be uploaded and executed without proper authorization checks. The vulnerability aligns with CWE-434, which specifically addresses "Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type," and represents a classic example of insecure file upload mechanisms that have been exploited in numerous security incidents across various platforms. The attack vector requires an authenticated user account, which reduces the initial attack surface but still presents a significant risk since compromised accounts can lead to full system compromise.
From an operational impact perspective, this vulnerability poses severe consequences for organizations utilizing IBM OpenPages with Watson. An authenticated attacker could leverage this flaw to gain unauthorized access to sensitive data, modify system configurations, or establish persistent backdoors within the environment. The potential for privilege escalation exists, as the executed code would run with the privileges of the application server, which often includes elevated system permissions. This vulnerability directly impacts the integrity and confidentiality of the system, as attackers could access or manipulate business-critical information stored within the OpenPages platform. The threat model aligns with ATT&CK technique T1059.001 for command and scripting interpreter, where adversaries use legitimate system tools to execute malicious code.
Organizations should implement immediate mitigations including applying the latest security patches provided by IBM to address this vulnerability. Network segmentation and access controls should be enforced to limit the potential impact of compromised accounts. The implementation of strict file type validation and content inspection mechanisms can help prevent malicious uploads even if other controls fail. Additionally, monitoring and logging of file upload activities should be enhanced to detect suspicious behavior patterns. Security awareness training for users can help prevent credential compromise, which is a prerequisite for exploitation of this vulnerability. Regular security assessments and penetration testing should be conducted to identify similar vulnerabilities in the broader system architecture. The remediation process should also include reviewing and updating the application's file handling procedures to align with secure coding practices and industry standards for file upload security controls.