CVE-2021-38258 in MCUXpresso SDK
Summary
by MITRE • 10/26/2021
NXP MCUXpresso SDK v2.7.0 was discovered to contain a buffer overflow in the function USB_HostProcessCallback().
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 10/30/2021
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2021-38258 represents a critical buffer overflow flaw within the NXP MCUXpresso SDK version 2.7.0, specifically within the USB_HostProcessCallback() function. This issue arises from inadequate input validation and bounds checking mechanisms that fail to properly handle data exceeding allocated buffer sizes. The flaw exists in the software development kit used for embedded systems development, particularly targeting applications utilizing USB host functionality on NXP microcontrollers. The vulnerability demonstrates characteristics consistent with CWE-121, which describes stack-based buffer overflow conditions where insufficient bounds checking allows attackers to overwrite adjacent memory locations. The affected SDK serves as a foundational component for numerous embedded applications, making this vulnerability particularly concerning for automotive, industrial, and IoT systems that rely on NXP processors.
The technical exploitation of this buffer overflow occurs when the USB_HostProcessCallback() function processes incoming USB host data without proper validation of data lengths or buffer boundaries. When malformed or oversized USB packets are received, the function fails to check whether incoming data exceeds the predetermined buffer limits, allowing memory corruption to occur. This condition creates opportunities for arbitrary code execution, system crashes, or privilege escalation within the embedded environment. The vulnerability can be triggered through malicious USB device connections or crafted USB communication sequences that deliberately exceed buffer capacity. The memory layout of the affected system and the nature of the USB host processing function create a scenario where the buffer overflow can overwrite critical control structures, return addresses, or other program state information, potentially enabling attackers to manipulate program flow and execute unauthorized code. This type of vulnerability aligns with ATT&CK technique T1059.007 for command and scripting interpreter execution, as successful exploitation could allow attackers to inject malicious code into the system.
The operational impact of CVE-2021-38258 extends beyond simple system instability to encompass potential security breaches and operational disruptions in embedded systems environments. Organizations utilizing NXP MCUXpresso SDK v2.7.0 in automotive systems, industrial control equipment, or IoT devices face significant risks, as the vulnerability could be exploited to compromise vehicle safety systems, industrial automation processes, or connected device functionality. The vulnerability affects systems where USB host functionality is implemented, potentially exposing critical infrastructure to remote exploitation. Attackers could leverage this flaw to gain unauthorized access to embedded systems, modify operational parameters, or cause system failures that could result in physical safety hazards or financial losses. The widespread adoption of NXP processors in various embedded applications means that the potential attack surface is extensive, affecting multiple industries including automotive, healthcare, manufacturing, and telecommunications sectors. The vulnerability's exploitation could lead to persistent access within affected systems, making it particularly dangerous for long-running embedded applications where system restarts might be infrequent or difficult to perform.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2021-38258 should prioritize immediate software updates from NXP to address the buffer overflow vulnerability in the USB_HostProcessCallback() function. Organizations must implement comprehensive vulnerability management procedures to identify all systems utilizing the affected SDK version and ensure timely patch deployment. Code review processes should be enhanced to include thorough examination of buffer handling mechanisms and input validation routines within USB host processing functions. Additionally, network segmentation and access controls should be implemented to limit exposure of affected systems to potentially malicious USB devices or connections. The implementation of runtime protection mechanisms such as stack canaries, address space layout randomization, and data execution prevention could provide additional defense-in-depth measures against exploitation attempts. Security monitoring should be enhanced to detect unusual USB connection patterns or system behavior that might indicate exploitation attempts. Organizations should also consider conducting vulnerability assessments to identify other potential buffer overflow conditions within their embedded systems codebase and establish secure coding practices that align with industry standards such as those recommended by the CERT/CC Secure Coding Standards. The vulnerability highlights the importance of maintaining current software versions and implementing robust security practices in embedded systems development to prevent similar issues in future releases.