CVE-2021-45092 in Thinfinity VirtualUI
Summary
by MITRE • 12/16/2021
Thinfinity VirtualUI before 3.0 has functionality in /lab.html reachable by default that could allow IFRAME injection via the vpath parameter.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 11/30/2024
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2021-45092 affects Thinfinity VirtualUI versions prior to 3.0, specifically targeting the /lab.html component that is accessible by default. This issue represents a critical security flaw that enables unauthorized parties to inject malicious iframes into the application interface through manipulation of the vpath parameter. The vulnerability exists within the application's parameter handling mechanism where user-supplied input is not properly sanitized or validated before being processed and rendered within the web interface.
The technical exploitation of this vulnerability occurs through the vpath parameter which is used to specify virtual paths within the application's virtualization framework. When an attacker crafts malicious input containing iframe tags or other malicious content within this parameter, the application fails to properly escape or validate the input before incorporating it into the rendered HTML output. This creates an environment where arbitrary code execution or malicious content injection becomes possible, potentially allowing attackers to redirect users to phishing sites, inject malware, or perform cross-site scripting attacks against other users of the platform.
This vulnerability directly relates to CWE-79 which describes Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities where untrusted data is incorporated into web pages without proper validation or escaping. The flaw also aligns with CWE-94 which covers the execution of arbitrary code through improper input handling. From an operational perspective, this vulnerability poses significant risk to organizations using Thinfinity VirtualUI as it allows attackers to potentially compromise user sessions, steal sensitive information, or manipulate the virtual desktop environment. The default accessibility of the /lab.html endpoint means that organizations may be exposed to attack without any additional configuration changes, making this vulnerability particularly dangerous in production environments.
The impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple XSS attacks as it can be leveraged to create more sophisticated attack vectors including session hijacking, credential theft, and data exfiltration. Attackers can craft malicious URLs that, when visited by legitimate users, will inject malicious iframes that can monitor user interactions, capture keystrokes, or redirect users to malicious domains. The attack surface is further expanded when considering that Thinfinity VirtualUI is often used in enterprise environments where users may have elevated privileges or access to sensitive systems, making successful exploitation potentially devastating for organizational security.
Organizations should immediately implement mitigations including upgrading to Thinfinity VirtualUI version 3.0 or later where this vulnerability has been addressed. Additionally, implementing proper input validation and output encoding mechanisms within the application can help prevent similar vulnerabilities from occurring in other components. Network-level protections such as web application firewalls can provide additional defense-in-depth measures, while regular security assessments and penetration testing should be conducted to identify other potential injection points within the application. The vulnerability also highlights the importance of following secure coding practices including parameter validation, input sanitization, and proper output encoding as recommended by the OWASP Top Ten and NIST cybersecurity frameworks.