CVE-2021-46076 in Vehicle Service Management System
Summary
by MITRE • 01/06/2022
Sourcecodester Vehicle Service Management System 1.0 is vulnerable to File upload. An attacker can upload a malicious php file in multiple endpoints it leading to Code Execution.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 01/09/2022
The CVE-2021-46076 vulnerability affects the Sourcecodester Vehicle Service Management System version 1.0, representing a critical security flaw in web application file handling mechanisms. This vulnerability stems from inadequate input validation and sanitization within multiple upload endpoints, creating a pathway for malicious actors to bypass security controls and execute arbitrary code on the affected system. The flaw exists in the application's file upload functionality where proper restrictions on file types and content are not enforced, allowing attackers to submit potentially harmful files that can be executed by the web server.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability involves the application's failure to properly validate file extensions, content type headers, and file contents before storing uploaded files. This weakness enables attackers to upload php files containing malicious code, which can then be executed by the web server when accessed through the application's web interface. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-434, which specifically addresses "Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type," indicating that the system lacks proper file type validation and sanitization mechanisms. The attack vector operates through multiple endpoints within the vehicle service management system, suggesting that the vulnerability is not isolated to a single upload point but rather represents a systemic flaw in the application's file handling architecture.
Operationally, this vulnerability presents a severe threat to the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the affected system and its underlying data. Successful exploitation allows attackers to achieve remote code execution, potentially enabling them to gain full control over the web server, access sensitive customer information, manipulate vehicle service records, and establish persistent backdoors for future access. The impact extends beyond immediate system compromise as attackers can use the uploaded php files to perform reconnaissance activities, escalate privileges, and move laterally within the network. This vulnerability directly maps to several ATT&CK techniques including T1190 for Exploit Public-Facing Application and T1059 for Command and Scripting Interpreter, highlighting the multi-stage nature of the attack and the potential for further compromise.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2021-46076 require immediate implementation of comprehensive file upload restrictions and validation mechanisms. Organizations should implement strict file type validation by whitelisting acceptable extensions and content types while rejecting all others. The system must enforce proper file content verification through magic number checks and MIME type validation to prevent executable files from being processed. Additional protective measures include implementing secure file storage practices such as storing uploaded files outside the web root directory, using randomized file names, and implementing proper access controls. Network-level protections such as web application firewalls should be deployed to monitor and block suspicious upload attempts. The vendor should release a patched version addressing the file upload validation issues and implementing proper input sanitization across all endpoints. Regular security testing including dynamic application security testing and manual penetration testing should be conducted to identify similar vulnerabilities in other application components. Organizations must also establish proper incident response procedures to detect and respond to potential exploitation attempts, given that this vulnerability can be exploited without requiring any special privileges or user interaction.