CVE-2022-28062 in Car Rental System
Summary
by MITRE • 04/04/2022
Car Rental System v1.0 contains an arbitrary file upload vulnerability via the Add Car component which allows attackers to upload a webshell and execute arbitrary code.
VulDB is the best source for vulnerability data and more expert information about this specific topic.
Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 04/06/2022
The Car Rental System v1.0 presents a critical arbitrary file upload vulnerability that fundamentally compromises the security posture of the application through its Add Car component. This vulnerability stems from insufficient input validation and improper file type checking mechanisms within the upload functionality, creating an attack vector that enables remote code execution. The flaw exists in the application's file handling logic where user-supplied data is not adequately sanitized before being processed, allowing malicious actors to bypass security controls and upload malicious files to the server. The vulnerability is particularly dangerous because it directly enables attackers to deploy webshells that can provide persistent access to the underlying system, effectively granting them administrative control over the application and potentially the entire server infrastructure.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability aligns with CWE-434 which specifically addresses insecure file upload handling in web applications. Attackers can exploit this weakness by crafting malicious files with extensions that are not properly validated, often leveraging common web shell formats such as .php, .asp, or .jsp files. The vulnerability operates through the principle of insufficient validation of file types and content, allowing attackers to upload files that contain malicious code which executes within the context of the web server. This weakness represents a classic example of a path traversal or file inclusion vulnerability where the application fails to properly restrict file upload operations, creating an environment where arbitrary code execution becomes possible. The flaw demonstrates poor input validation practices and lacks proper content type checking, making it straightforward for attackers to circumvent security measures through simple file renaming or encoding techniques.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends far beyond simple data compromise, as it provides attackers with complete control over the affected system. Once a webshell is successfully uploaded and executed, threat actors can perform a wide range of malicious activities including data exfiltration, privilege escalation, and establishment of persistent backdoors. The vulnerability creates a persistent threat vector that can be exploited repeatedly, as the uploaded webshell remains available for use until manually removed by system administrators. Organizations utilizing this car rental system face significant risks including complete system compromise, data breaches, and potential lateral movement within their network infrastructure. The vulnerability can be leveraged for advanced persistent threat campaigns where attackers maintain long-term access to the system while conducting reconnaissance and data collection activities. This threat is particularly concerning in enterprise environments where the car rental system may be integrated with other critical business applications, potentially enabling attackers to pivot to adjacent systems.
Mitigation strategies for this vulnerability must address both immediate remediation and long-term security improvements. The primary defense involves implementing strict file type validation that checks not only file extensions but also MIME types and file content signatures to ensure uploaded files conform to expected formats. Organizations should deploy comprehensive input validation mechanisms that reject any file attempting to upload content that could execute code on the server. The implementation of secure file upload practices including the use of random file names, proper file permissions, and restricted upload directories can significantly reduce exploitation risk. Additionally, the application should employ proper access controls and authentication mechanisms to limit who can upload files, while also implementing regular security audits and monitoring for suspicious file upload activities. This vulnerability response aligns with ATT&CK technique T1190 which covers the use of web shell deployment as a method for maintaining access to compromised systems, emphasizing the need for robust file upload validation and monitoring capabilities. The remediation process should include comprehensive code review to identify similar vulnerabilities throughout the application, along with implementing automated security testing to prevent future occurrences of this type of flaw.