CVE-2022-28495 in Outdoor CPE CP900
Summary
by MITRE • 03/24/2023
TOTOLink outdoor CPE CP900 V6.3c.566_B20171026 is discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability in the setWebWlanIdx function via the webWlanIdx parameter. This vulnerability allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted request.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 05/19/2026
The CVE-2022-28495 vulnerability represents a critical command injection flaw discovered in TOTOLink outdoor CPE CP900 devices running firmware version V6.3c.566_B20171026. This vulnerability resides within the setWebWlanIdx function, specifically targeting the webWlanIdx parameter, which exposes the device to unauthorized command execution capabilities. The flaw demonstrates a classic security oversight where user-controllable input parameters are inadequately sanitized or validated before being processed by the device's underlying command execution mechanisms. The vulnerability affects network infrastructure equipment that serves as wireless access points, making it particularly concerning for enterprise and industrial deployments where such devices often operate in unsecured environments.
This command injection vulnerability operates through the manipulation of the webWlanIdx parameter, which is processed within the setWebWlanIdx function without proper input validation or sanitization. When an attacker crafts a malicious request containing specially formatted input in this parameter, the device fails to properly escape or filter the input before executing it as part of a system command. The vulnerability stems from improper input handling practices that allow attackers to inject shell commands directly into the device's execution pipeline. This flaw aligns with CWE-77, which specifically addresses command injection vulnerabilities, and represents a significant deviation from secure coding practices that mandate proper input validation and sanitization before any system-level operations occur.
The operational impact of CVE-2022-28495 extends beyond simple unauthorized command execution, as it provides attackers with potential access to the underlying operating system of the affected device. Attackers could leverage this vulnerability to execute arbitrary code, potentially gaining full administrative control over the wireless access point, modifying network configurations, accessing sensitive data, or using the compromised device as a pivot point for further attacks within the network infrastructure. The vulnerability's presence in outdoor CPE equipment makes it particularly dangerous as these devices are often deployed in remote locations with limited physical security, and attackers could exploit this flaw remotely without requiring physical access to the hardware. The compromised device could also serve as a persistent backdoor for long-term network infiltration, aligning with ATT&CK technique T1059 for command and scripting interpreter usage.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2022-28495 should prioritize immediate firmware updates from TOTOLink, as the vendor likely released patches addressing this specific vulnerability. Network administrators should implement network segmentation and access controls to limit the potential impact of exploitation, particularly by restricting direct access to these devices from untrusted networks. The vulnerability underscores the importance of secure input handling practices and proper parameter validation in embedded systems, with recommendations including input sanitization, output encoding, and implementing proper access controls. Security monitoring should include detection of unusual command execution patterns and anomalous network traffic originating from affected devices. Organizations should also consider implementing network access control lists and firewall rules to restrict administrative access to these devices, while maintaining detailed logging of configuration changes to detect potential exploitation attempts. The vulnerability serves as a reminder of the critical need for regular security assessments of network infrastructure equipment and the importance of maintaining up-to-date firmware to protect against known vulnerabilities.