CVE-2022-28860 in Citilog
Summary
by MITRE • 07/21/2022
An authentication downgrade in the server in Citilog 8.0 allows an attacker (in a man in the middle position between the server and its smart camera Axis M1125) to achieve HTTP access to the camera.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 05/20/2026
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2022-28860 represents a critical authentication downgrade flaw within the Citilog 8.0 server software that specifically affects the communication between the server and Axis M1125 smart cameras. This vulnerability exploits a weakness in the authentication mechanism that allows an attacker positioned in a man-in-the-middle attack position to successfully downgrade the authentication process and gain unauthorized HTTP access to the targeted camera system. The flaw occurs at the protocol level where the server fails to properly enforce secure authentication methods, creating an opportunity for attackers to intercept and manipulate the authentication flow between the server and the networked camera device.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability stems from insufficient cryptographic protocol enforcement within the Citilog 8.0 server software. When the server communicates with the Axis M1125 camera, it should maintain secure authentication mechanisms that prevent downgrade attacks. However, the software fails to properly validate or enforce the use of secure authentication protocols, allowing an attacker to manipulate the communication channel and force the system into using weaker authentication methods. This authentication downgrade effectively bypasses the normal security controls that would normally prevent unauthorized access to the camera's HTTP interface, enabling the attacker to establish a connection without proper credentials.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple unauthorized access, as it fundamentally compromises the security posture of any surveillance infrastructure using Citilog 8.0 with Axis M1125 cameras. Once an attacker gains HTTP access to the camera, they can potentially view live video feeds, access recorded footage, modify camera settings, and even manipulate the camera's operational parameters. This vulnerability directly violates the principle of least privilege and can lead to complete compromise of the surveillance network. The man-in-the-middle position required for exploitation suggests that the attack can be carried out in network segments where the attacker has the ability to intercept traffic between the server and camera, potentially through network spoofing or routing manipulation techniques.
From a cybersecurity framework perspective, this vulnerability aligns with CWE-326, which addresses the weakness in encryption due to a lack of proper cryptographic protection, and CWE-327, which covers the use of weak encryption algorithms or protocols. The vulnerability also maps to ATT&CK technique T1071.004, which involves the use of network protocol manipulation to gain access to systems, and T1046, which covers the use of network service scanning to identify vulnerable targets. The attack vector specifically leverages the network communication protocols between the server and camera to manipulate the authentication process, creating a pathway for unauthorized access that could be exploited in various network environments where such surveillance systems are deployed.
Organizations should implement immediate mitigations including network segmentation to isolate critical surveillance infrastructure, deployment of network monitoring tools to detect anomalous authentication patterns, and enforcement of secure communication protocols such as TLS 1.3 with proper certificate validation. The recommended solution involves updating the Citilog 8.0 server software to a version that properly enforces authentication protocols and prevents downgrade attacks. Additionally, network administrators should consider implementing network access control lists that restrict communication between the server and cameras to trusted network segments, and deploy intrusion detection systems that can identify man-in-the-middle attack patterns. The vulnerability highlights the critical importance of secure authentication implementation in networked security devices and serves as a reminder of the need for proper cryptographic protocol enforcement in all network communication components.