CVE-2022-30563 in IPC-HDBW2XXX
Summary
by MITRE • 06/28/2022
When an attacker uses a man-in-the-middle attack to sniff the request packets with success logging in through ONVIF, he can log in to the device by replaying the user's login packet.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 07/16/2022
This vulnerability represents a critical authentication bypass flaw in ONVIF protocol implementations that enables man-in-the-middle attackers to perform session replay attacks against networked security devices. The vulnerability stems from insufficient cryptographic protection of authentication tokens and session identifiers during the ONVIF login process, allowing attackers positioned between the client and device to capture and reuse valid authentication packets. The technical flaw resides in the protocol's failure to implement proper session binding mechanisms or cryptographic session key derivation that would prevent replay attacks. According to CWE-319, this vulnerability specifically addresses the exposure of sensitive information during transmission, where the authentication credentials or session tokens are transmitted in a manner that makes them susceptible to interception and reuse. The operational impact is severe as attackers can gain unauthorized access to IP cameras, video surveillance systems, and other networked security devices that rely on ONVIF for communication and authentication. This creates a pathway for persistent unauthorized access, potentially enabling attackers to view live feeds, access recorded footage, modify device configurations, or even use the compromised devices as entry points for further network infiltration. The attack vector aligns with ATT&CK technique T1566, specifically the use of credential harvesting through network sniffing and packet interception methods. The vulnerability affects any device implementing ONVIF authentication without proper cryptographic protection mechanisms, particularly impacting surveillance systems, access control devices, and network video recorders that utilize the ONVIF protocol for device management and user authentication. Organizations relying on these systems face significant risk of unauthorized access to their physical security infrastructure, potentially leading to privacy violations, data breaches, and compromised security operations.
The root cause of this vulnerability lies in the absence of proper session key derivation functions and cryptographic binding between the client and server during the ONVIF authentication handshake. When authentication tokens are transmitted without adequate encryption or integrity protection, they become vulnerable to replay attacks where captured packets can be reused to establish valid sessions. This weakness is particularly concerning in environments where ONVIF devices are deployed without proper network segmentation or encrypted communication channels, as the attack can be executed from any position within the network path between the client and target device. The vulnerability demonstrates a failure in implementing the principle of least privilege and proper session management, where the authentication process does not adequately verify the freshness of credentials or bind the session to specific network characteristics. Security controls such as mutual TLS authentication, session token expiration mechanisms, and cryptographic session binding should be implemented to prevent such attacks. The impact extends beyond simple unauthorized access to include potential denial of service conditions, where attackers might exhaust legitimate session tokens or disrupt normal device operations. This vulnerability represents a classic example of how protocol-level security flaws can compromise entire security infrastructures, particularly in critical infrastructure environments where surveillance systems are deployed. Organizations should implement network monitoring to detect unusual authentication patterns and ensure that all ONVIF communications are properly encrypted using TLS 1.3 or higher versions to prevent such interception and replay attacks from succeeding.
Mitigation strategies should focus on implementing strong cryptographic protection for all ONVIF communications and session management processes. Device vendors must ensure that authentication tokens are properly bound to specific network sessions and include cryptographic freshness indicators such as timestamps or nonce values that prevent replay attacks. Network administrators should enforce mandatory TLS encryption for all ONVIF communications and implement proper network segmentation to limit the attack surface. The implementation of mutual authentication mechanisms, where both client and server verify each other's identities, would significantly reduce the risk of successful man-in-the-middle attacks. Additionally, regular session token rotation and proper session timeout mechanisms should be enforced to limit the window of opportunity for attackers to successfully replay captured authentication packets. Organizations should also consider implementing network access control lists and monitoring for unusual authentication patterns that might indicate replay attack attempts. The vulnerability highlights the importance of adhering to security standards such as NIST SP 800-57 for cryptographic key management and ensuring that all networked security devices implement proper authentication protocols that prevent the exploitation of session replay vulnerabilities. Regular security assessments and penetration testing should be conducted to verify that ONVIF implementations properly protect against such attacks, and that network monitoring systems are capable of detecting and alerting on potential authentication replay attempts. The remediation process should include firmware updates from device vendors, network configuration changes to enforce secure communication protocols, and comprehensive security awareness training for personnel managing these critical infrastructure devices.