CVE-2022-30984 in CDM
Summary
by MITRE • 08/26/2022
A buffer overflow vulnerability in the Rubrik Backup Service (RBS) Agent for Linux or Unix-based systems in Rubrik CDM 7.0.1, 7.0.1-p1, 7.0.1-p2 or 7.0.1-p3 before CDM 7.0.2-p2 could allow a local attacker to obtain root privileges by sending a crafted message to the RBS agent.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 10/02/2022
The buffer overflow vulnerability identified as CVE-2022-30984 affects the Rubrik Backup Service agent running on Linux or Unix-based systems within Rubrik Cloud Data Management (CDM) versions 7.0.1 through 7.0.1-p3. This vulnerability represents a critical security flaw that enables local privilege escalation attacks, allowing attackers with minimal system access to escalate their privileges to root level. The vulnerability specifically exists within the RBS agent component that handles communication and processing of messages from external sources, making it particularly dangerous in environments where the agent might receive untrusted input from network connections or local processes. The flaw stems from inadequate input validation and memory management within the agent's message processing functionality.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability involves a classic buffer overflow condition that occurs when the RBS agent receives a specially crafted message that exceeds the allocated buffer size in memory. This overflow corrupts adjacent memory regions, potentially allowing an attacker to overwrite critical program variables, return addresses, or function pointers. When combined with the agent's execution context and privilege model, this memory corruption can be leveraged to execute arbitrary code with elevated privileges. The vulnerability is particularly concerning because it operates at the local privilege escalation level, meaning that an attacker who has already gained access to the system through other means could use this flaw to achieve root access, which would provide complete control over the affected system. The vulnerability has been classified under CWE-121 as a stack-based buffer overflow, which aligns with the attack vector and exploitation mechanism.
From an operational impact perspective, this vulnerability presents a significant risk to organizations relying on Rubrik CDM for their backup and data protection infrastructure. The local privilege escalation capability means that attackers who gain access to any user account on the system could potentially escalate to root privileges, enabling them to access all system resources, modify or delete critical data, and establish persistent access. This vulnerability directly impacts the principle of least privilege and could lead to complete system compromise, data exfiltration, and disruption of backup operations. The attack surface is particularly broad as the vulnerability affects multiple patch levels of the same major version, indicating that organizations running any of these specific versions are potentially exposed. The exploitation requires minimal privileges and can be automated, making it particularly dangerous for environments where the agent is accessible through network connections or where local access might be gained through other means.
Organizations should immediately implement mitigation strategies including applying the vendor-provided patch for CDM 7.0.2-p2 or later versions to address the buffer overflow vulnerability. The patch addresses the root cause by implementing proper input validation and memory boundary checks within the RBS agent's message processing functions. System administrators should also conduct immediate vulnerability assessments to identify systems running the affected versions and ensure that all instances of the Rubrik CDM agent are updated. Network segmentation and access controls should be reviewed to limit local access to systems running the RBS agent, as the vulnerability requires local system access for exploitation. Additionally, monitoring should be implemented to detect anomalous behavior that might indicate exploitation attempts, including unexpected privilege escalation events or unusual network communication patterns from the RBS agent. The vulnerability aligns with ATT&CK technique T1068 for local privilege escalation and T1566 for initial access through credential compromise, making it a critical component in threat actor attack chains targeting backup infrastructure. Organizations should also consider implementing additional security controls such as privilege monitoring, system integrity checks, and endpoint detection and response solutions to detect and prevent exploitation attempts.