CVE-2022-35217 in Card
Summary
by MITRE • 08/02/2022
The NHI card’s web service component has a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability due to insufficient validation for network packet header length. A local area network attacker with general user privilege can exploit this vulnerability to execute arbitrary code, manipulate system command or disrupt service.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 08/30/2022
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2022-35217 resides within the web service component of the NHI card system, representing a critical stack-based buffer overflow flaw that fundamentally compromises system integrity. This weakness originates from inadequate validation mechanisms applied to network packet header lengths, creating an exploitable condition where maliciously crafted packets can trigger memory corruption. The vulnerability specifically affects the web service functionality that processes incoming network communications, making it a prime target for attackers who can manipulate the system through carefully constructed data payloads.
The technical exploitation of this buffer overflow occurs when network packets containing oversized or malformed header information are processed by the vulnerable web service component. The insufficient input validation allows attackers to overflow the allocated stack buffer space, potentially overwriting adjacent memory locations including return addresses and function pointers. This memory corruption can be leveraged to redirect program execution flow, enabling attackers to inject and execute arbitrary code within the context of the web service process. The vulnerability's impact is particularly concerning because it requires only general user privileges to exploit, eliminating the need for elevated access rights that would typically be required for such attacks.
From an operational perspective, this vulnerability presents significant risks to system availability and data integrity within the NHI card infrastructure. Local network attackers can exploit the flaw to execute unauthorized commands, manipulate system functions, or cause service disruptions that could affect healthcare data processing and card management operations. The attack surface is expanded by the fact that the vulnerability exists within a web service component that likely handles multiple types of network communications, potentially allowing for various attack vectors including denial of service, data manipulation, or unauthorized access to sensitive healthcare information. The exploitation could result in complete system compromise, especially if the web service component operates with elevated privileges or has access to critical system resources.
The vulnerability aligns with CWE-121 stack-based buffer overflow, a well-documented weakness that represents a classic memory safety issue in software development practices. This weakness falls under the broader category of memory corruption vulnerabilities that are frequently targeted by attackers due to their reliability and potential for privilege escalation. The attack pattern associated with this vulnerability matches several techniques described in the MITRE ATT&CK framework under the T1059.001 command and scripting interpreter sub-technique, as attackers can leverage the arbitrary code execution capability to manipulate system commands. Additionally, the service disruption aspect corresponds to T1489 service stop, where attackers can leverage the buffer overflow to cause system instability or complete shutdown of the affected web service component.
Mitigation strategies should focus on implementing proper input validation and bounds checking within the web service component to prevent oversized packet headers from causing buffer overflows. The most effective immediate solution involves applying code-level fixes to validate all network packet header lengths against predetermined maximum limits before processing. Additionally, implementing stack protection mechanisms such as stack canaries, address space layout randomization, and non-executable stack protections can significantly reduce the exploitation success rate. Regular security updates and patch management procedures should be enforced to ensure that similar vulnerabilities are not present in other components of the NHI card system. Network segmentation and access controls should be implemented to limit the attack surface and prevent unauthorized access to the vulnerable web service component, while comprehensive monitoring and logging should be deployed to detect potential exploitation attempts and anomalous network traffic patterns.