CVE-2022-40486 in Archer AX10
Summary
by MITRE • 09/28/2022
TP Link Archer AX10 V1 Firmware Version 1.3.1 Build 20220401 Rel. 57450(5553) was discovered to allow authenticated attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted backup file.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 10/24/2022
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2022-40486 affects TP-Link Archer AX10 router models running firmware version 1.3.1 build 20220401 rel. 57450. This issue represents a critical security flaw that enables authenticated attackers to execute arbitrary code through manipulation of backup files. The vulnerability resides within the firmware's handling of backup configurations, specifically when the system processes imported backup data. Attackers with valid credentials can craft malicious backup files that, when imported, trigger code execution on the affected device. This represents a severe privilege escalation vulnerability since the attacker must first establish authentication credentials but can then leverage this flaw to gain full control over the router's operations. The issue falls under CWE-457, which describes "Use of Uninitialized Variable" and is closely related to CWE-78, "Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in OS Command Injection." The attack vector involves a backup file manipulation technique that bypasses normal input validation mechanisms, allowing malicious code execution within the router's operating environment. The affected firmware version demonstrates inadequate input sanitization and validation of backup file contents, creating a pathway for attackers to inject and execute arbitrary commands.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple unauthorized access to encompass complete system compromise of the affected routers. Once exploited, attackers can gain full administrative control over the device, enabling them to modify network configurations, intercept traffic, redirect DNS requests, or establish persistent backdoors. The compromised device becomes a potential pivot point for attacking other systems within the local network, as routers typically serve as central network hubs with access to multiple connected devices. This vulnerability also poses significant risks to network security posture, as it allows attackers to manipulate the router's core functionality including firewall rules, routing tables, and DNS settings. The authentication requirement means that attackers must first obtain valid user credentials, but this is often achievable through social engineering, credential reuse attacks, or other initial compromise techniques. The impact is particularly severe in enterprise environments where these routers might be used as network gateways or access points, potentially allowing attackers to establish persistent access to critical network infrastructure.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2022-40486 should prioritize immediate firmware updates from TP-Link, as the vendor has likely released patches addressing this specific vulnerability. Network administrators should implement strict access controls and credential management policies to reduce the likelihood of unauthorized access to router administrative interfaces. Regular security audits of network devices should include verification of firmware versions and implementation of network segmentation to limit potential attack impact. Organizations should also deploy network monitoring solutions capable of detecting unusual traffic patterns or unauthorized configuration changes that might indicate exploitation attempts. The vulnerability aligns with ATT&CK technique T1059, "Command and Scripting Interpreter," and T1068, "Exploitation for Privilege Escalation," as attackers can leverage this flaw to execute commands with elevated privileges. Security teams should also consider implementing backup file validation procedures and restricting the import of configuration files from untrusted sources. Given that this vulnerability affects router firmware, organizations should maintain comprehensive device inventory records and implement regular firmware update schedules to ensure all network equipment remains protected against known vulnerabilities. The flaw demonstrates the importance of secure backup and restore mechanisms in network infrastructure devices and highlights the need for proper input validation in all firmware components that process external data.