CVE-2022-45703 in Binutils
Summary
by MITRE • 08/22/2023
Heap buffer overflow vulnerability in binutils readelf before 2.40 via function display_debug_section in file readelf.c.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 09/16/2023
The heap buffer overflow vulnerability identified as CVE-2022-45703 resides within the binutils readelf utility, specifically in the display_debug_section function located in readelf.c. This flaw affects versions prior to 2.40 and represents a critical security issue that can be exploited to compromise systems running vulnerable versions of the GNU binutils suite. The vulnerability manifests when the readelf tool processes malformed debug sections within elf files, creating conditions where heap memory can be overwritten beyond its allocated boundaries.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability stems from inadequate bounds checking within the display_debug_section function. When the function encounters debug information sections that contain malformed or oversized data structures, it fails to validate the size parameters before attempting to copy or process the data into heap-allocated buffers. This lack of proper input validation creates a scenario where an attacker can craft specially formatted elf files that trigger the buffer overflow condition during normal operation of the readelf command. The flaw operates at the memory management level where heap-based buffer overflows are classified under CWE-121, representing a direct violation of memory safety principles that can lead to arbitrary code execution or system instability.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple denial of service scenarios, as it can enable remote code execution when the readelf utility is invoked on maliciously crafted elf files. Attackers can leverage this vulnerability in various attack vectors including software supply chain compromises, where malicious elf binaries are introduced into legitimate software distributions. The vulnerability affects systems where readelf is used in automated processing pipelines, security scanning tools, or any environment where elf file analysis is performed without proper input sanitization. Organizations relying on binutils for system administration, security auditing, or software development activities face significant risk when operating vulnerable versions, as the exploitation can occur during routine file inspection processes.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2022-45703 primarily involve upgrading to binutils version 2.40 or later, which includes patches specifically addressing the heap buffer overflow condition in the display_debug_section function. System administrators should prioritize patching affected systems and monitoring for potential exploitation attempts in environments where elf file analysis is performed. Additional defensive measures include implementing strict input validation for elf file processing, deploying sandboxed execution environments for file analysis, and utilizing automated tools that can detect and quarantine suspicious elf binaries before they are processed by readelf. The vulnerability aligns with ATT&CK technique T1059.007 for execution through command and scripting interpreter, and T1566 for social engineering via supply chain compromises, making comprehensive security controls essential for protecting against exploitation attempts.