CVE-2022-48126 in A7100RU
Summary
by MITRE • 01/20/2023
TOTOlink A7100RU V7.4cu.2313_B20191024 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the username parameter in the setting/setOpenVpnCertGenerationCfg function.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 04/04/2025
The TOTOlink A7100RU router firmware version V7.4cu.2313_B20191024 contains a critical command injection vulnerability that poses significant security risks to network infrastructure. This vulnerability exists within the web interface's backend processing logic, specifically in the setting/setOpenVpnCertGenerationCfg function where user input is improperly sanitized and directly incorporated into system commands without adequate validation or escaping mechanisms. The vulnerability is particularly concerning because it allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands on the affected device with the privileges of the web server process, which typically operates with elevated permissions.
The technical flaw manifests when an attacker submits malicious input through the username parameter of the setOpenVpnCertGenerationCfg function. This parameter is used in the context of OpenVPN certificate generation configuration but fails to properly validate or sanitize user-supplied data before it is passed to shell execution functions. The vulnerability follows the classic command injection pattern where untrusted input is concatenated into command strings without proper escaping or filtering, creating opportunities for attackers to inject malicious shell commands that will be executed by the underlying operating system. This represents a CWE-77 vulnerability category, specifically command injection through improper input sanitization.
The operational impact of this vulnerability is severe and multifaceted. An attacker who successfully exploits this vulnerability could gain complete control over the router's functionality, including the ability to modify network configurations, access sensitive data, establish persistent backdoors, or use the device as a pivot point for attacking other systems within the local network. The vulnerability affects the router's OpenVPN certificate generation feature, which is commonly used for secure remote access, making it particularly dangerous as attackers could potentially compromise the entire secure communication infrastructure. The attack surface extends beyond simple command execution to include potential privilege escalation scenarios where the compromised web server process could be leveraged to access system files or execute additional malicious code.
From a threat modeling perspective, this vulnerability aligns with ATT&CK technique T1059.001 for command and scripting interpreter, specifically shell scripting, and T1068 for exploit for privilege escalation. The vulnerability could be exploited through various attack vectors including web-based reconnaissance, automated scanning tools, or manual exploitation by advanced persistent threat actors. Network defenders should consider this vulnerability as a high-priority issue requiring immediate remediation. The risk is compounded by the fact that the affected firmware version appears to be from 2019, suggesting that the device may not receive security updates, leaving it vulnerable to exploitation for extended periods. Organizations should implement network segmentation, monitor for unusual network traffic patterns, and consider network access controls to limit exposure. Additionally, the vulnerability highlights the importance of input validation and secure coding practices, particularly in embedded systems where resource constraints may lead to insufficient security controls. The presence of such vulnerabilities in consumer-grade networking equipment underscores the need for comprehensive security assessments and regular firmware updates to address known security issues.