CVE-2023-25220 in AC5
Summary
by MITRE • 04/07/2023
Tenda AC5 US_AC5V1.0RTL_V15.03.06.28 was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the add_white_node function. This vulnerability allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) or execute arbitrary code via a crafted payload.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 10/29/2025
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2023-25220 represents a critical stack overflow condition within the Tenda AC5 US_AC5V1.0RTL_V15.03.06.28 firmware implementation. This flaw exists within the add_white_node function, which processes network device management operations in the router's wireless access point functionality. The stack overflow occurs when the device receives a specially crafted payload that exceeds the allocated buffer space during processing, creating a potential entry point for malicious actors to compromise the device's operational integrity.
The technical nature of this vulnerability aligns with CWE-121, which describes stack-based buffer overflow conditions where insufficient bounds checking allows attackers to overwrite adjacent memory locations on the stack. The attack vector specifically targets the wireless network management interface, where the add_white_node function handles device whitelist operations for authorized network access. When an attacker sends a malformed packet or configuration request containing oversized data, the function fails to properly validate input lengths, leading to memory corruption that can result in unpredictable behavior.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple denial of service conditions to encompass potential arbitrary code execution capabilities. An attacker who successfully exploits this stack overflow could gain elevated privileges within the router's operating system, potentially allowing them to modify network configurations, intercept traffic, or establish persistent access points for further network infiltration. The device's wireless access point functionality makes it particularly attractive as a target since it typically remains accessible to both authorized users and potential attackers within the local network environment.
From a cybersecurity perspective, this vulnerability demonstrates the importance of input validation and memory safety practices in embedded network devices. The ATT&CK framework categorizes this type of vulnerability under T1203, which encompasses exploitation of software vulnerabilities for privilege escalation and system compromise. Network defenders should consider this vulnerability as part of broader IoT security assessments, particularly focusing on wireless infrastructure devices that lack proper input sanitization mechanisms. The vulnerability's impact is compounded by the fact that many users may not regularly update their router firmware, leaving devices exposed to exploitation for extended periods.
Mitigation strategies should prioritize immediate firmware updates from Tenda's official sources, as these patches typically include proper bounds checking and memory allocation safeguards. Network segmentation and access controls can help limit the potential impact of exploitation by restricting direct access to the wireless management interfaces. Additionally, implementing network monitoring solutions that detect unusual traffic patterns or malformed packets targeting the affected function can provide early warning of attempted exploitation. Organizations should also consider disabling unused wireless features and implementing robust network access control measures to reduce the attack surface available to potential adversaries.