CVE-2023-32150 in DIR-2640
Summary
by MITRE • 05/03/2024
D-Link DIR-2640 PrefixLen Command Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of D-Link DIR-2640 routers. Although authentication is required to exploit this vulnerability, the existing authentication mechanism can be bypassed.
The specific flaw exists within the handling of the PrefixLen parameter provided to the HNAP1 endpoint. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of a user-supplied string before using it to execute a system call. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of root. . Was ZDI-CAN-19547.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 09/18/2024
The CVE-2023-32150 vulnerability represents a critical remote code execution flaw in D-Link DIR-2640 routers that demonstrates the dangerous consequences of inadequate input validation in network device management interfaces. This vulnerability specifically targets the HNAP1 endpoint, which serves as a web service interface for device configuration and management. The flaw exists within the processing of the PrefixLen parameter, a configuration value typically used for network prefix length settings in IPv6 addressing. The vulnerability's severity is amplified by the fact that while authentication is required for exploitation, the existing authentication mechanism can be bypassed, making the attack surface significantly broader than initially apparent.
The technical root cause of this vulnerability aligns with CWE-77 and CWE-94, representing command injection flaws that occur when user-supplied input is directly incorporated into system commands without proper sanitization or validation. The vulnerability manifests when the PrefixLen parameter is passed through the HNAP1 endpoint to a system call, creating an environment where malicious input can be interpreted as executable commands. This type of vulnerability falls under the ATT&CK technique T1059.001 for command and scripting interpreter, specifically targeting legitimate system utilities that are accessible through the device's management interface. The lack of proper input validation means that an attacker can inject malicious commands that will execute with the privileges of the root user, effectively providing complete system compromise.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple remote code execution, as it enables attackers to gain full administrative control over affected routers. This level of access allows for complete network compromise through various attack vectors including but not limited to DNS tunneling, traffic interception, and the establishment of persistent backdoors. The vulnerability's network-adjacent nature means that attackers within the same broadcast domain can exploit it without requiring external network access, making it particularly dangerous in corporate or residential environments where network segmentation may not be properly implemented. The root-level execution capability also enables attackers to modify firmware, alter network configurations, and potentially establish persistent access points that could remain undetected for extended periods.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2023-32150 should encompass multiple layers of defensive measures including immediate firmware updates from D-Link, network segmentation to limit access to management interfaces, and the implementation of strict access controls. Network administrators should consider disabling unnecessary management services and implementing robust authentication mechanisms that go beyond the basic authentication provided by the device. The vulnerability's characteristics also highlight the importance of input validation and the principle of least privilege in network device security, as proper sanitization of user inputs could have prevented the command injection. Additionally, monitoring for unusual network traffic patterns and unauthorized configuration changes should be implemented as part of ongoing security operations to detect potential exploitation attempts. Organizations should also consider implementing network access control lists to restrict access to management interfaces to trusted IP addresses only, and establish regular security assessments to identify similar vulnerabilities in other network infrastructure components.