CVE-2023-36549 in FortiWLM
Summary
by MITRE • 10/25/2023
A improper neutralization of special elements used in an os command ('os command injection') in Fortinet FortiWLM version 8.6.0 through 8.6.5 and 8.5.0 through 8.5.4 allows attacker to execute unauthorized code or commands via specifically crafted http get request parameters.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 10/28/2023
This vulnerability represents a critical os command injection flaw in Fortinet FortiWLM software versions ranging from 8.6.0 through 8.6.5 and 8.5.0 through 8.5.4. The vulnerability stems from inadequate input validation and sanitization of http get request parameters, allowing malicious actors to inject arbitrary operating system commands through the web interface. This weakness falls under the common weakness enumeration CWE-77 which specifically addresses improper neutralization of special elements used in a command. The attack vector occurs when an attacker crafts malicious http get requests containing command injection payloads that bypass the application's input filtering mechanisms. The vulnerability is particularly dangerous as it enables remote code execution without requiring authentication, making it highly attractive to threat actors seeking to compromise network infrastructure. The affected FortiWLM versions expose the system to potential exploitation through web-based attacks that leverage the lack of proper command parameter sanitization.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability allows attackers to manipulate the application's processing of http get parameters by injecting special characters and command sequences that get interpreted by the underlying operating system. When the application processes these malformed parameters, it executes the injected commands with the privileges of the web server process, potentially leading to complete system compromise. The flaw exists because the application fails to properly escape or validate user-supplied input before incorporating it into system commands. This creates a pathway for attackers to execute arbitrary commands on the target system, potentially gaining access to sensitive data, modifying system configurations, or establishing persistence mechanisms. The vulnerability is classified as a remote code execution threat that can be exploited through standard web browser interactions, making it particularly dangerous for network administrators who may unknowingly expose vulnerable systems to external threats.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple code execution to encompass comprehensive system compromise and potential data breaches. Attackers can leverage this vulnerability to gain unauthorized access to network monitoring capabilities, potentially disrupting legitimate network operations while simultaneously establishing backdoors for continued access. The exposure affects organizations using FortiWLM for wireless network management, creating risks for both enterprise and service provider environments. Security teams face challenges in detecting such attacks since they may appear as legitimate system processes, making the vulnerability particularly difficult to monitor for. This flaw also represents a significant risk to compliance requirements, as unauthorized command execution can lead to data leakage and system integrity violations. Organizations may experience service disruption, unauthorized access to wireless network configurations, and potential escalation of privileges to administrative levels depending on the system's security posture.
Mitigation strategies for this vulnerability should include immediate patching of affected FortiWLM versions to the latest releases that address the command injection flaw. Network administrators should implement web application firewalls to monitor and filter suspicious http get request patterns that may indicate exploitation attempts. Regular security assessments should be conducted to identify similar vulnerabilities in other network management systems, as this represents a common attack pattern that affects many network infrastructure components. The implementation of principle of least privilege should be enforced to limit the impact of potential compromise, ensuring that web server processes operate with minimal required permissions. Organizations should also establish monitoring procedures to detect unusual command execution patterns and maintain up-to-date threat intelligence regarding similar vulnerabilities in network security appliances. Additionally, input validation should be strengthened across all web interfaces to prevent similar injection attacks, with particular attention to http parameter handling and command construction processes. This vulnerability serves as a reminder of the critical importance of secure coding practices and regular vulnerability assessments in network security infrastructure.