CVE-2023-39809 in iBSG
Summary
by MITRE • 08/21/2023
N.V.K.INTER CO., LTD. (NVK) iBSG v3.5 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the system_hostname parameter at /manage/network-basic.php.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 01/26/2026
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2023-39809 represents a critical command injection flaw within the iBSG v3.5 firmware developed by N.V.K.INTER CO., LTD. This issue manifests in the network-basic.php management interface where the system_hostname parameter fails to properly sanitize user input before incorporating it into system commands. The affected device operates within the industrial networking domain, specifically targeting network infrastructure management systems that require robust security controls to prevent unauthorized access and system compromise. This vulnerability exists in the context of network management interfaces that traditionally handle sensitive configuration parameters and system commands through web-based administrative portals.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability stems from improper input validation and sanitization within the network-basic.php script. When an attacker submits malicious input through the system_hostname parameter, the application directly incorporates this unvalidated data into system command execution contexts without appropriate escaping or encoding mechanisms. This flaw allows for arbitrary command execution on the underlying system, enabling attackers to perform operations such as executing shell commands, accessing system files, modifying network configurations, or establishing persistent access points. The vulnerability aligns with CWE-77 which specifically addresses command injection flaws in software systems where user-supplied data is improperly handled in command execution contexts. From an attack perspective, this represents a high-value target for threat actors seeking to gain control over industrial network infrastructure, as the affected system typically operates in environments where network management and configuration changes can significantly impact operational technology systems.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple unauthorized access to encompass potential disruption of critical network services and compromise of industrial control systems. Attackers could leverage this vulnerability to manipulate network configurations, redirect traffic, or establish backdoors within the network infrastructure. The implications are particularly severe in industrial environments where network management systems control critical operational parameters and where unauthorized modifications could lead to service disruption, data integrity issues, or even physical safety concerns. The vulnerability affects devices that typically operate in continuous monitoring and control environments, making the potential for sustained exploitation particularly concerning. This flaw represents a significant risk to organizations relying on the iBSG v3.5 platform for network management, as it provides attackers with direct system-level privileges and the ability to execute commands with the same permissions as the web application itself.
Mitigation strategies for this vulnerability should focus on immediate remediation through firmware updates provided by the vendor, as well as implementing network-level controls to restrict access to the affected management interface. Organizations should implement strict input validation and sanitization measures at the application level, ensuring that all user-supplied data is properly escaped before being incorporated into system commands. The implementation of web application firewalls and input filtering mechanisms can provide additional protection layers against exploitation attempts. Security controls should include network segmentation to limit access to management interfaces, multi-factor authentication for administrative access, and regular security assessments of industrial network infrastructure. According to ATT&CK framework, this vulnerability maps to T1059.001 Command and Scripting Interpreter with specific relevance to T1059.007 Unix Shell and T1059.008 Windows Command Shell, representing the techniques used to execute commands through the affected interface. Organizations should also consider implementing network monitoring solutions to detect anomalous command execution patterns that may indicate exploitation attempts. Regular vulnerability assessments and security audits of industrial control systems are essential to identify and remediate similar vulnerabilities across the operational technology infrastructure.