CVE-2023-40531 in Archer AX6000
Summary
by MITRE • 09/06/2023
Archer AX6000 firmware versions prior to 'Archer AX6000(JP)_V1_1.3.0 Build 20221208' allows a network-adjacent authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary OS commands.
Be aware that VulDB is the high quality source for vulnerability data.
Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 10/02/2023
The Archer AX6000 wireless router firmware contains a critical command injection vulnerability that affects versions prior to 'Archer AX6000(JP)_V1_1.3.0 Build 20221208'. This vulnerability resides in the device's web-based management interface where user input is improperly validated and sanitized before being processed by the underlying operating system. The flaw allows an attacker who has gained network access and authentication credentials to inject malicious commands that execute with the privileges of the web server process, typically root or administrative level access. This represents a classic command injection vulnerability classified under CWE-77 which enables arbitrary code execution through improper input handling. The vulnerability is particularly concerning because it requires only network adjacency and valid authentication credentials to exploit, making it accessible to attackers within the same broadcast domain or network segment.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability stems from the firmware's failure to properly escape or filter user-supplied parameters in the web interface. When administrators or authenticated users submit certain inputs through the management portal, the system directly incorporates these values into system calls without adequate sanitization. This allows an attacker to append malicious commands that bypass normal input validation mechanisms. The attack surface includes various configuration parameters, particularly those related to network settings, diagnostics, and system utilities where command execution is required. The vulnerability manifests as an authenticated command injection flaw that enables attackers to execute arbitrary operating system commands, potentially leading to complete system compromise and persistent access.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple command execution to encompass full system compromise and potential lateral movement within network environments. An attacker with access to the router's management interface can leverage this vulnerability to gain root-level access to the device's operating system, enabling them to modify network configurations, install backdoors, redirect traffic, or use the compromised device as a pivot point for attacking other networked systems. This vulnerability directly aligns with attack techniques documented in the MITRE ATT&CK framework under T1059.001 for command and scripting interpreter and T1021.001 for remote services. The compromised device could serve as a persistent threat vector for extended periods, especially in enterprise environments where network infrastructure devices are often overlooked for security updates and monitoring.
Mitigation strategies for this vulnerability must address both immediate remediation and long-term security posture improvements. The primary recommendation is to upgrade to firmware version 'Archer AX6000(JP)_V1_1.3.0 Build 20221208' or later, which includes proper input validation and sanitization mechanisms. Network administrators should also implement network segmentation to limit access to administrative interfaces and enforce the principle of least privilege for management accounts. Additional security controls include disabling unnecessary administrative services, implementing network access controls through firewalls, and conducting regular vulnerability assessments of network infrastructure. Organizations should also establish robust patch management processes specifically targeting network equipment to prevent similar vulnerabilities from remaining unaddressed for extended periods. The vulnerability demonstrates the critical importance of proper input validation in web applications and the need for comprehensive security testing of network infrastructure firmware.