CVE-2023-45927 in S-Lang
Summary
by MITRE • 03/27/2024
S-Lang 2.3.2 was discovered to contain an arithmetic exception via the function tt_sprintf().
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 05/31/2025
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2023-45927 affects S-Lang version 2.3.2 and represents a critical arithmetic exception within the tt_sprintf() function. This issue manifests as an integer overflow or division by zero condition that can occur during string formatting operations, potentially leading to system instability or unauthorized access. The flaw exists in the core text formatting library that S-Lang utilizes for various console and terminal operations, making it particularly dangerous as it can be triggered through normal usage patterns.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability stems from improper handling of arithmetic operations within the tt_sprintf() function which is responsible for formatted string generation. When processing certain input parameters, the function fails to validate integer boundaries or check for division by zero scenarios, creating opportunities for malicious actors to craft inputs that trigger these exceptional conditions. This type of vulnerability falls under CWE-191, which specifically addresses integer underflow conditions, and may also relate to CWE-190, covering integer overflow conditions. The function's failure to properly sanitize or validate numeric inputs during string formatting operations creates a pathway for exploitation that can be leveraged in various attack scenarios.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple system crashes or hangs, as it can potentially enable remote code execution or privilege escalation depending on how the affected application utilizes the S-Lang library. Attackers could exploit this weakness by providing malicious input to applications that depend on S-Lang for text processing, particularly those handling user-supplied data through the tt_sprintf() function. This vulnerability affects systems where S-Lang is used for console applications, terminal emulators, or any software that relies on the library's text formatting capabilities, making it relevant across multiple software domains including network services, system utilities, and development tools.
Mitigation strategies should focus on immediate patching of the S-Lang library to version 2.3.3 or later, which contains the necessary fixes for the arithmetic exception handling. Organizations should also implement input validation measures at application layers that utilize S-Lang to prevent malformed data from reaching the vulnerable tt_sprintf() function. Additionally, system administrators should monitor for any unusual behavior or crashes in applications that depend on S-Lang, as these could indicate exploitation attempts. The vulnerability aligns with ATT&CK technique T1203, which covers exploitation for privilege escalation, and may also relate to T1059 for command and scripting interpreter usage in exploitation scenarios. Regular security assessments of software dependencies and maintaining up-to-date libraries remain crucial defensive measures against similar arithmetic exception vulnerabilities in the broader software ecosystem.