CVE-2023-48128 in mini-app on Line
Summary
by MITRE • 01/26/2024
An issue in UNITED BOXING GYM mini-app on Line v13.6.1 allows attackers to send crafted malicious notifications via leakage of the channel access token.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 05/30/2025
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2023-48128 resides within the UNITED BOXING GYM mini-app running on Line v13.6.1, representing a critical security flaw that enables unauthorized actors to exploit notification delivery mechanisms through compromised channel access tokens. This issue demonstrates a significant weakness in the application's token management and authentication processes, creating an avenue for malicious actors to leverage existing access credentials for unauthorized communication.
The technical exploitation of this vulnerability stems from improper handling of channel access tokens within the Line messaging platform's mini-app ecosystem. When the application fails to adequately validate or secure these tokens, attackers can intercept or obtain valid access credentials through various means including network sniffing, insecure storage practices, or social engineering attacks. Once obtained, these tokens allow malicious actors to send crafted notifications directly to users who have interacted with the mini-app, bypassing normal authentication mechanisms that should protect against unauthorized message delivery.
This vulnerability impacts the operational security posture of the affected application by enabling a range of malicious activities including phishing campaigns, spam distribution, and potential data exfiltration attempts. The compromised notification system can be weaponized to deliver malware payloads, steal user credentials, or manipulate user behavior through deceptive messaging. The attack surface expands significantly as users who have engaged with the mini-app become potential targets for these malicious notifications, creating a scalable vector for abuse.
The security implications extend beyond simple notification spamming to encompass potential privacy violations and user manipulation. Attackers can exploit the compromised channel to send personalized malicious notifications that appear legitimate to recipients, leveraging the trust users have placed in the official mini-app. This scenario creates opportunities for credential theft, financial fraud, or other malicious activities that capitalize on the perceived authenticity of the communication channel.
Mitigation strategies should focus on implementing robust token management practices including secure token generation, proper storage mechanisms, and regular token rotation protocols. The application should enforce strict validation of access tokens before permitting notification delivery and implement rate limiting to prevent abuse of the messaging system. Additionally, developers should consider implementing multi-factor authentication for token access and establish monitoring systems to detect unusual notification patterns that might indicate compromise. This vulnerability aligns with CWE-312 (Sensitive Data Exposure) and CWE-287 (Improper Authentication) categories, and maps to ATT&CK techniques including T1566 (Phishing) and T1071.1 (Application Layer Protocol: Web Protocols) in the enterprise attack framework.
The remediation process requires immediate attention to the token handling mechanisms within the Line mini-app implementation, including thorough code reviews to identify all potential access token exposure points. Organizations should implement comprehensive logging and monitoring for notification delivery activities to detect anomalous behavior patterns. Regular security assessments of third-party integration points and messaging platforms should be conducted to prevent similar vulnerabilities from emerging in other components of the application ecosystem. The vulnerability demonstrates the critical importance of securing authentication tokens in mobile application environments where user trust and data integrity are paramount considerations for maintaining security posture.