CVE-2024-1580 in dav1d
Summary
by MITRE • 02/19/2024
An integer overflow in dav1d AV1 decoder that can occur when decoding videos with large frame size. This can lead to memory corruption within the AV1 decoder. We recommend upgrading past version 1.4.0 of dav1d.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 06/20/2025
The CVE-2024-1580 vulnerability represents a critical integer overflow condition within the dav1d AV1 decoder implementation that poses significant security risks to systems processing multimedia content. This vulnerability specifically manifests when the decoder encounters video streams containing exceptionally large frame dimensions, creating a scenario where arithmetic operations exceed the maximum representable value for integer data types. The dav1d library serves as a widely adopted open-source AV1 video decoder used across various applications including web browsers, media players, and streaming platforms, making this vulnerability particularly concerning for widespread impact.
The technical flaw stems from inadequate input validation and boundary checking within the frame size processing logic of the AV1 decoder. When processing video frames with dimensions that exceed the expected range, the integer overflow condition causes the decoder to miscalculate memory allocation sizes or buffer boundaries, resulting in memory corruption. This memory corruption can manifest as heap corruption, stack corruption, or other forms of memory instability that may be exploited by malicious actors. The vulnerability falls under CWE-190, which specifically addresses integer overflow conditions, and aligns with ATT&CK technique T1203, which involves exploitation of memory corruption vulnerabilities through media processing components.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple decoding failures, potentially enabling remote code execution or denial of service conditions depending on how the vulnerable system handles the corrupted memory state. Attackers could craft malicious AV1 video streams with deliberately oversized frame dimensions to trigger the integer overflow, leading to system instability or unauthorized code execution. The vulnerability affects systems using dav1d versions prior to 1.4.0, making it crucial for organizations to assess their deployment of this library and implement immediate upgrades to mitigate potential exploitation risks. Given the widespread adoption of dav1d in multimedia applications, the vulnerability could affect end-user devices, web applications, and server-side processing systems that rely on this decoder for AV1 video content handling.
Organizations should prioritize upgrading to dav1d version 1.4.0 or later to address this vulnerability, while also implementing additional security controls such as input validation for video content, sandboxing of media processing components, and monitoring for anomalous decoding behavior. The mitigation strategy should include comprehensive testing of the upgraded library in production environments to ensure compatibility while addressing the integer overflow condition. Security teams should also consider implementing network-based detection mechanisms to identify and block suspicious video content that may exploit this vulnerability, particularly in environments where untrusted media content is processed.