CVE-2024-27488 in ZLMediaKit
Summary
by MITRE • 04/08/2024
Incorrect Access Control vulnerability in ZLMediaKit versions 1.0 through 8.0, allows remote attackers to escalate privileges and obtain sensitive information. The application system enables the http API interface by default and uses the secret parameter method to authenticate the http restful api interface, but the secret is hardcoded by default.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 08/22/2024
The vulnerability described in CVE-2024-27488 represents a critical access control flaw within ZLMediaKit versions 1.0 through 8.0 that exposes the system to remote privilege escalation and unauthorized data access. This issue stems from the application's default configuration where the HTTP API interface remains enabled without proper authentication mechanisms. The system employs a secret parameter method for authenticating RESTful API endpoints, but the implementation contains a fundamental security weakness that undermines its effectiveness. The secret parameter is hardcoded within the application's configuration files, making it easily discoverable by attackers who can enumerate or brute force the authentication credentials.
The technical exploitation of this vulnerability occurs through the predictable nature of the hardcoded secret value, which violates fundamental security principles outlined in CWE-312 (CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information) and CWE-798 (CWE-798: Use of Hard-coded Credentials). Attackers can leverage this weakness to gain unauthorized access to the media streaming server's administrative functions, potentially enabling them to manipulate stream configurations, access sensitive media content, or even execute arbitrary commands on the underlying system. The default enablement of the HTTP API interface without requiring additional authentication layers creates an attack surface that aligns with ATT&CK technique T1078 (Valid Accounts) and T1566 (Phishing for Information) when attackers exploit the hardcoded credentials.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple unauthorized access, as it allows attackers to escalate privileges within the ZLMediaKit environment. This privilege escalation capability enables malicious actors to modify or delete media streams, access user authentication data, and potentially compromise the entire media streaming infrastructure. The vulnerability affects a wide range of deployments since ZLMediaKit is commonly used in media streaming applications, surveillance systems, and content delivery networks where unauthorized access to streaming data could result in significant privacy breaches or service disruption. Organizations using these vulnerable versions face increased risk of data exfiltration, service availability attacks, and potential compromise of downstream systems that rely on the media streaming infrastructure.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2024-27488 require immediate action to address the hardcoded credential issue. Organizations should upgrade to patched versions of ZLMediaKit where the secret parameter is no longer hardcoded and can be properly configured. Network segmentation and firewall rules should be implemented to restrict access to the HTTP API interface to trusted IP addresses only, while disabling the API interface entirely if not required for operations. The system should be configured to use strong, randomly generated authentication tokens or implement additional authentication layers such as OAuth or API key management systems. Regular security audits should verify that no hardcoded credentials exist in configuration files, and automated scanning tools should be deployed to detect similar issues in other applications within the network infrastructure. The remediation process should also include monitoring for unauthorized access attempts and implementing proper logging mechanisms to track API usage and potential exploitation attempts.