CVE-2024-28026 in MC LR Router
Summary
by MITRE • 11/21/2024
Three OS command injection vulnerabilities exist in the web interface I/O configuration functionality of MC Technologies MC LR Router 2.10.5. A specially crafted HTTP request can lead to arbitrary command execution. An attacker can make an authenticated HTTP request to trigger these vulnerabilities.This vulnerability refers to the authenticated OS Command Injection that occurs through the attacker-controlled `out1` parameter, at offset `0x8efc`.
int out_ret = sscanf(current_param->key, "out%u", &io_idx); if (out_ret == 1 && io_idx == 1) {
// [4] Similar to `3`, but `out1` instead of `btn1`
if (asprintf(&command, "/usr/sbin/vout %s %u vo_manual", current_param->value, 1) > 0) {
system(command); return -1; } }
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 08/26/2025
The CVE-2024-28026 vulnerability represents a critical authenticated operating system command injection flaw discovered in MC Technologies MC LR Router version 2.10.5. This vulnerability resides within the web interface's input/output configuration functionality, specifically targeting the `out1` parameter handling mechanism. The flaw allows authenticated attackers to execute arbitrary system commands through carefully crafted HTTP requests, potentially compromising the entire router system and its network infrastructure. The vulnerability is particularly concerning as it operates at the core of device configuration management, where legitimate administrative functions are leveraged to facilitate malicious code execution. The technical implementation reveals a direct call to the system() function without proper input sanitization or validation, creating an exploitable path where user-controllable parameters are directly incorporated into system command execution contexts.
The vulnerability manifests through the specific handling of the `out1` parameter at memory offset 0x8efc, where the application uses sscanf to parse the parameter and subsequently constructs a command string using asprintf before executing it through the system() call. This pattern creates a classic command injection vector where attacker-controlled data flows directly into the shell execution environment. The code structure shows that when the `out1` parameter matches the expected format, the application constructs a command string that includes user input without any sanitization, leading to immediate system command execution. The vulnerability is further exacerbated by the fact that the application does not validate or escape the input data before incorporating it into the system command, making it trivial for attackers to inject malicious commands through the `current_param->value` field. This implementation directly violates security best practices and constitutes a CWE-77 (Command Injection) vulnerability as defined by the Common Weakness Enumeration.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple unauthorized command execution, as it provides attackers with complete control over the router's underlying operating system. An authenticated attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute arbitrary system commands, potentially leading to complete system compromise, data exfiltration, or the installation of persistent backdoors. The vulnerability affects the router's I/O configuration functionality, which typically handles critical device management operations, making the attack surface particularly dangerous. Attackers could potentially use this vulnerability to modify network configurations, redirect traffic, or even gain access to other systems within the same network segment. The authentication requirement does not significantly mitigate the risk as compromised credentials often occur through various attack vectors such as credential stuffing, phishing, or exploitation of other vulnerabilities within the same network infrastructure. This vulnerability aligns with ATT&CK technique T1059.001 (Command and Scripting Interpreter: PowerShell) and T1059.003 (Command and Scripting Interpreter: Windows Command Shell) when considering the system command execution patterns, though the implementation occurs at the Linux shell level.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2024-28026 require immediate attention from network administrators and security teams. The primary remediation involves updating the MC LR Router firmware to a version that properly sanitizes and validates all user-controllable parameters before incorporating them into system commands. Organizations should implement network segmentation and access controls to limit the impact of potential exploitation, ensuring that only authorized personnel have access to the router's web interface. Additionally, implementing input validation at multiple layers including web application firewalls, network intrusion detection systems, and device-level access controls can provide defense-in-depth protection. Security monitoring should be enhanced to detect anomalous command execution patterns and unusual network traffic originating from the router. The vulnerability highlights the importance of proper input validation and output encoding in web applications, particularly those interfacing with system-level functions. Organizations should conduct comprehensive vulnerability assessments of their network infrastructure to identify similar command injection vulnerabilities in other network devices and applications, as this type of flaw is prevalent across many embedded systems and network appliances. Regular security audits and penetration testing should be implemented to identify and remediate such critical flaws before they can be exploited by malicious actors.