CVE-2024-28048 in ffBull
Summary
by MITRE • 03/26/2024
OS command injection vulnerability exists in ffBull ver.4.11, which may allow a remote unauthenticated attacker to execute an arbitrary OS command with the privilege of the running web server. Note that the developer was unreachable, therefore, users should consider stop using ffBull ver.4.11.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 08/08/2024
The CVE-2024-28048 vulnerability represents a critical operating system command injection flaw discovered in ffBull version 4.11, a web-based file management and transfer application. This vulnerability stems from inadequate input validation and sanitization within the application's processing logic, creating a pathway for malicious actors to inject and execute arbitrary operating system commands. The flaw exists in the application's handling of user-supplied data that is subsequently passed to system-level functions without proper sanitization measures, making it susceptible to exploitation by remote attackers who are not required to authenticate to the system.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to manipulate input parameters that are directly forwarded to operating system commands. When ffBull processes user requests containing malicious input, the application fails to properly validate or escape special characters that could alter the intended command execution flow. This weakness typically manifests in parameters that control file operations, system commands, or directory traversal functions within the web interface. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-77 as "Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')", which is a well-documented weakness in software security that enables attackers to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system.
The operational impact of this vulnerability is severe and far-reaching, as it grants attackers complete control over the web server's operating system with the privileges of the web server process. This means that an attacker could potentially access sensitive data, modify or delete files, install malware, create new user accounts, or even escalate privileges to gain root access depending on the server configuration. The attack surface extends beyond simple command execution to include potential data exfiltration, system compromise, and further lateral movement within the network. Attackers could leverage this vulnerability to establish persistent backdoors, conduct reconnaissance activities, or use the compromised server as a launch point for attacks against other systems within the network infrastructure.
Security professionals should consider this vulnerability in the context of the ATT&CK framework, specifically under the T1059.001 technique for "Command and Scripting Interpreter: PowerShell" and T1068 for "Exploitation for Privilege Escalation" when assessing potential attack paths. The lack of authentication requirements for exploitation makes this vulnerability particularly dangerous as it can be exploited by anyone with network access to the affected system. Organizations should immediately implement mitigations including network segmentation to limit access to the affected application, disabling unnecessary network services, and implementing web application firewalls to detect and block malicious command injection attempts. Additionally, the vulnerability's severity warrants immediate patching or replacement of the affected ffBull version 4.11, as the vendor's unavailability creates an additional risk factor that leaves users without official support or remediation guidance. The vulnerability demonstrates the critical importance of input validation and the principle of least privilege in web application security design to prevent such critical flaws from being exploited in production environments.