CVE-2024-3136 in MasterStudy LMS Plugin
Summary
by MITRE • 04/10/2024
The MasterStudy LMS plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 3.3.3 via the 'template' parameter. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to include and execute arbitrary files on the server, allowing the execution of any PHP code in those files. This can be used to bypass access controls, obtain sensitive data, or achieve code execution in cases where images and other “safe” file types can be uploaded and included.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 01/18/2025
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2024-3136 affects the MasterStudy LMS plugin for WordPress, representing a critical Local File Inclusion (LFI) flaw that impacts all versions up to and including 3.3.3. This vulnerability stems from inadequate input validation within the plugin's handling of the 'template' parameter, creating a pathway for unauthenticated attackers to manipulate file inclusion mechanisms. The flaw exists at the core of how the plugin processes user-supplied input, allowing malicious actors to traverse the file system and include arbitrary files on the affected server. The vulnerability is particularly concerning because it operates without requiring any authentication credentials, making it accessible to anyone who can interact with the plugin's functionality.
The technical exploitation of this LFI vulnerability enables attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code on the target server, effectively granting them the ability to perform actions that should be restricted to authorized users. This code execution capability arises from the plugin's failure to properly sanitize or validate the template parameter input before using it in file inclusion operations. When an attacker supplies a malicious value to the template parameter, the plugin processes this input without adequate security checks, leading to the inclusion of files from unexpected locations. The vulnerability is further amplified by the fact that attackers can leverage this flaw to bypass existing access controls, potentially gaining access to sensitive data or system resources that should remain protected. The attack vector becomes even more dangerous when considering that many WordPress installations allow uploads of image files and other seemingly "safe" file types, which can then be manipulated to include malicious code.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple code execution, as it creates multiple attack surfaces that can be leveraged for comprehensive system compromise. Attackers can use this vulnerability to obtain sensitive information from the server, including database credentials, user data, and system configurations that could be used for further attacks. The ability to include and execute arbitrary PHP code means that threat actors can deploy web shells, establish persistent access, or modify plugin functionality to maintain control over the compromised system. Additionally, the vulnerability can be used to bypass security mechanisms that rely on file access controls, potentially allowing attackers to read system files, execute system commands, or even escalate privileges within the affected environment. This makes the vulnerability particularly dangerous in multi-tenant environments or systems where multiple users have access to the WordPress installation.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2024-3136 should prioritize immediate action through plugin updates to versions that address the LFI vulnerability, as this represents the most direct and effective solution. Organizations should implement robust input validation and sanitization measures to prevent malicious parameters from being processed by the plugin, following the principles of least privilege and input validation as outlined in CWE-20 and CWE-73. Network-level defenses such as web application firewalls (WAF) can provide additional protection by monitoring for suspicious patterns in the template parameter usage, though these should not be considered a substitute for proper code-level fixes. Regular security audits and penetration testing should be conducted to identify similar vulnerabilities in other plugins and themes, as this type of LFI vulnerability is commonly found in poorly secured applications. The vulnerability aligns with ATT&CK technique T1505.003 for Server Software Component and T1078 for Valid Accounts, as it allows for both component exploitation and potential privilege escalation through code execution. System administrators should also monitor for unusual file access patterns and implement proper file permission controls to limit the impact of potential exploitation attempts.