CVE-2024-32620 in HDF5
Summary
by MITRE • 05/14/2024
HDF5 Library through 1.14.3 contains a heap-based buffer over-read in H5F_addr_decode_len in H5Fint.c, resulting in the corruption of the instruction pointer.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 02/12/2025
The HDF5 Library vulnerability CVE-2024-32620 represents a critical heap-based buffer over-read condition that exists within the H5F_addr_decode_len function located in the H5Fint.c source file. This flaw affects versions of the library through 1.14.3 and manifests when processing malformed HDF5 files or data structures. The vulnerability arises from insufficient bounds checking during address decoding operations, where the function fails to properly validate the length parameter before attempting to read memory beyond the allocated buffer boundaries. The over-read condition specifically targets heap memory regions and can lead to arbitrary code execution or system instability when exploited by malicious actors.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability stems from improper input validation within the H5F_addr_decode_len function which is responsible for decoding address information within HDF5 file structures. When the library processes crafted data containing malformed address values, the function attempts to read beyond the allocated memory space, potentially accessing adjacent heap memory locations. This memory access violation can corrupt the instruction pointer and lead to unpredictable program behavior, including crashes or potential privilege escalation depending on the execution environment. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-125 as an "Out-of-bounds Read" and specifically relates to improper validation of input parameters during memory operations.
The operational impact of CVE-2024-32620 extends across numerous applications and systems that rely on HDF5 library functionality for data storage and retrieval operations. Given that HDF5 is widely used in scientific computing, data analysis platforms, and enterprise applications, exploitation of this vulnerability could affect critical infrastructure systems. The vulnerability is particularly concerning because it can be triggered through seemingly benign file processing operations, making it difficult to detect and prevent through traditional network monitoring. Attackers could leverage this flaw by crafting malicious HDF5 files designed to trigger the buffer over-read condition during normal library operations, potentially leading to complete system compromise or data corruption.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2024-32620 should prioritize immediate patching of affected systems to the latest stable version of the HDF5 library where the vulnerability has been resolved. Organizations should implement strict input validation controls and file sanitization procedures for all HDF5 data processing workflows. Security teams should monitor for suspicious file processing activities and implement network segmentation to limit potential attack vectors. Additionally, defensive programming techniques including bounds checking, memory protection mechanisms, and runtime application security controls should be deployed to reduce the attack surface. The vulnerability aligns with ATT&CK technique T1203 as an application execution attack vector, and organizations should consider implementing process isolation and privilege separation measures to minimize potential impact. Regular vulnerability assessments and security testing of systems using HDF5 libraries are essential to prevent exploitation and maintain overall security posture.