CVE-2024-34211 in CP450
Summary
by MITRE • 05/14/2024
TOTOLINK CP450 v4.1.0cu.747_B20191224 was discovered to contain a hardcoded password vulnerability in /etc/shadow.sample, which allows attackers to log in as root.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 08/15/2024
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2024-34211 affects TOTOLINK CP450 routers running firmware version 4.1.0cu.747_B20191224 and represents a critical security flaw that compromises the device's authentication mechanism. This issue manifests through a hardcoded password embedded within the system's shadow file sample, creating an inherent backdoor that persists across device installations and updates. The presence of such hardcoded credentials in the /etc/shadow.sample file demonstrates a fundamental failure in secure credential management practices, where default passwords are not only predictable but actively embedded within the system's configuration files.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability stems from the improper handling of authentication credentials during the firmware development process. When manufacturers embed hardcoded passwords directly into system files rather than implementing proper secure bootstrapping mechanisms, they create persistent access points that remain functional regardless of user password changes or system updates. The /etc/shadow.sample file serves as a template for password hashing and authentication, but in this case, it contains a default root password that attackers can exploit immediately upon discovering the vulnerability. This flaw aligns with CWE-259, which addresses the use of hard-coded passwords, and represents a severe deviation from secure coding practices that should never be implemented in production firmware.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends far beyond simple unauthorized access, as it provides attackers with root-level privileges that enable complete system compromise. Once an attacker successfully authenticates using the hardcoded credentials, they gain unrestricted access to all system functions, including network configuration modifications, firewall rule changes, and potential lateral movement within connected networks. The vulnerability's persistence across firmware versions means that even if users attempt to change passwords or update systems, the hardcoded credentials remain functional, creating a persistent threat vector. This type of vulnerability is particularly dangerous in enterprise environments where network devices serve as critical infrastructure components, potentially allowing attackers to establish persistent access points for extended periods.
Security professionals should immediately implement mitigation strategies that include disabling unnecessary services, implementing network segmentation, and monitoring for unauthorized access attempts. The recommended approach involves conducting comprehensive network scans to identify affected devices and replacing vulnerable firmware versions with patched alternatives when available. Organizations must also establish robust network monitoring protocols to detect anomalous login patterns that could indicate exploitation of this vulnerability. The ATT&CK framework categorizes this issue under T1078 for Valid Accounts and T1566 for Phishing, as attackers can leverage the hardcoded credentials to establish persistent access and potentially expand their foothold through network reconnaissance. Additionally, implementing proper access control measures and regular security audits can help identify and remediate similar hardcoded credential issues in other network infrastructure components.