CVE-2024-3911 in SMART EMS
Summary
by MITRE • 04/23/2024
An unauthenticated remote attacker can deceive users into performing unintended actions due to improper restriction of rendered UI layers or frames.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 08/28/2025
This vulnerability represents a critical UI layer deception flaw that enables unauthenticated remote attackers to manipulate user interactions through improper restriction of rendered user interface components. The issue stems from inadequate controls over how UI layers or frames are rendered, allowing malicious actors to craft deceptive interfaces that can trick users into performing unintended actions. Such vulnerabilities fall under the broader category of user interface security concerns and are particularly dangerous because they exploit the trust users place in legitimate application interfaces. The weakness creates an attack surface where malicious actors can overlay or manipulate interface elements to mislead users into executing actions they would not normally perform.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability typically involves manipulating the rendering order, positioning, or content of UI layers in a way that obscures or deceives users about the true nature of their interactions. Attackers may leverage this weakness to create convincing phishing interfaces, manipulate form submissions, or redirect user attention to malicious elements while hiding legitimate interface components. This type of vulnerability often manifests when applications fail to properly validate or sanitize the rendering context of UI components, particularly in web applications where dynamic content generation creates opportunities for layer manipulation. The flaw can be exploited through various vectors including crafted web pages, malicious links, or compromised content delivery networks that serve deceptive interface elements to unsuspecting users.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple deception to potentially enable more severe security consequences including credential theft, unauthorized transactions, data exfiltration, and privilege escalation. Users who fall victim to such UI deception attacks may unknowingly submit sensitive information, authorize malicious actions, or navigate to compromised resources. The vulnerability's remote nature means that attackers can exploit it without requiring authentication or physical access to target systems, making it particularly dangerous in environments where users interact with web applications regularly. Organizations may face significant reputational damage, regulatory compliance issues, and potential legal consequences if users are successfully deceived into performing malicious actions through this interface manipulation technique.
Effective mitigations for this vulnerability require comprehensive implementation of UI layer validation controls, proper rendering context management, and robust user interface integrity checks. Security measures should include implementing strict content security policies, validating all UI component rendering contexts, and ensuring proper layer ordering and visibility controls. Organizations should adopt defense-in-depth strategies that include regular security testing of user interface components, implementation of UI integrity verification mechanisms, and user education about recognizing potential deception attempts. The vulnerability aligns with CWE-693 which addresses protection mechanisms that are inadequate or improperly implemented, and maps to ATT&CK technique T1059.001 for user interface deception and T1566 for phishing attacks. Regular security assessments should focus on identifying weak points in UI rendering processes and ensuring that all interface elements properly validate their context and prevent unauthorized manipulation of user interaction flows.