CVE-2024-51775 in Zeppelin
Summary
by MITRE • 08/03/2025
Missing Origin Validation in WebSockets vulnerability in Apache Zeppelin.
The attacker could access the Zeppelin server from another origin without any restriction, and get internal information about paragraphs. This issue affects Apache Zeppelin: from 0.11.1 before 0.12.0.
Users are recommended to upgrade to version 0.12.0, which fixes the issue.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 08/06/2025
The vulnerability CVE-2024-51775 represents a critical missing origin validation flaw in Apache Zeppelin's WebSocket implementation that fundamentally undermines the application's security boundaries. This issue exists within the WebSocket communication layer where the server fails to properly validate the origin header sent by client connections, creating an avenue for cross-origin resource sharing violations that can be exploited by remote attackers. The vulnerability specifically affects Apache Zeppelin versions ranging from 0.11.1 through the pre-release versions prior to 0.12.0, making a substantial portion of the user base susceptible to this security weakness. The root cause stems from insufficient input validation mechanisms within the WebSocket handshake process where the server does not enforce proper origin checking to ensure that incoming connections originate from trusted sources within the same domain or authorized origins.
The technical exploitation of this vulnerability allows an attacker to establish WebSocket connections from arbitrary origins without any authorization checks, effectively bypassing the web application's security model that should normally restrict access to internal resources. When an attacker successfully connects through this vulnerability, they gain the ability to access internal paragraph information and potentially manipulate or extract sensitive data from the Zeppelin server. This type of vulnerability directly maps to CWE-676 (Use of Potentially Dangerous Function) and CWE-346 (Origin Validation) within the Common Weakness Enumeration framework, as it involves improper validation of origin headers and the potential for unauthorized access to internal application resources. The operational impact extends beyond simple information disclosure, as the attacker could potentially leverage this access to perform further reconnaissance or escalate privileges within the application's context.
The security implications of this vulnerability are particularly severe in environments where Apache Zeppelin serves as a collaborative analytics platform or data processing interface, as it could enable unauthorized users to access confidential analytical workloads, data insights, or processing instructions that should remain restricted to authorized personnel. This vulnerability also aligns with ATT&CK technique T1071.004 (Application Layer Protocol: DNS) and T1566 (Phishing) in the MITRE ATT&CK framework, as attackers could potentially use this weakness to establish persistent access or as part of a broader attack chain targeting data analytics environments. The lack of proper origin validation creates an attack surface that could be exploited in conjunction with other vulnerabilities to achieve unauthorized access to internal systems. Organizations utilizing Apache Zeppelin in production environments should immediately implement the recommended upgrade to version 0.12.0, which includes the necessary patches to enforce proper WebSocket origin validation and prevent cross-origin access to internal paragraph resources. Additionally, administrators should review their existing WebSocket configurations and implement additional network-level controls as a defense-in-depth measure while the upgrade is being deployed.