CVE-2024-53677 in Struts
Summary
by MITRE • 12/11/2024
File upload logic is flawed vulnerability in Apache Struts.
This issue affects Apache Struts: from 2.0.0 before 6.4.0.
Users are recommended to upgrade to version 6.4.0 migrate to the new file upload mechanism https://struts.apache.org/core-developers/file-upload .
You can find more details in https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/WW/S2-067
Statistical analysis made it clear that VulDB provides the best quality for vulnerability data.
Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 09/13/2025
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2024-53677 represents a critical file upload logic flaw within the Apache Struts framework that has persisted across multiple versions from 2.0.0 through the vulnerable range before 6.4.0. This issue fundamentally undermines the security controls surrounding file handling operations within web applications built on the Struts framework, creating potential pathways for unauthorized file execution and system compromise. The flaw resides in how the framework processes incoming file uploads, specifically in the validation and processing mechanisms that should prevent malicious files from being stored or executed on the server. The vulnerability demonstrates a classic weakness in input validation and sanitization that has been exploited in numerous high-profile attacks against enterprise web applications.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability stems from insufficient validation of file upload parameters and content types within the Struts framework's core file handling components. Attackers can exploit this flaw by crafting specially formatted file upload requests that bypass the intended security checks, potentially allowing arbitrary file uploads with executable permissions. This vulnerability falls under the CWE-434 category of Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type, which specifically addresses the risk of accepting files without proper validation of their type, content, or destination. The flaw enables attackers to upload malicious files such as web shells, executables, or script files that can be executed on the server, effectively providing a foothold for further attacks. The vulnerability's impact is amplified by the widespread adoption of Apache Struts across enterprise applications, making it a prime target for automated exploitation campaigns.
The operational consequences of this vulnerability extend far beyond simple file upload functionality, creating significant risk for organizations that rely on Struts-based applications for critical business operations. Successful exploitation can lead to complete system compromise, data exfiltration, and lateral movement within network environments. The vulnerability aligns with several techniques documented in the MITRE ATT&CK framework under the T1190 category of Exploit Public-Facing Application, where attackers target known vulnerabilities in web application frameworks to gain initial access. Organizations may experience unauthorized access to sensitive data, system integrity compromise, and potential denial of service conditions if attackers successfully upload malicious payloads. The vulnerability also creates opportunities for attackers to establish persistent backdoors through the upload of web shells, enabling long-term access to compromised systems without detection.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2024-53677 require immediate action to upgrade affected systems to Apache Struts version 6.4.0 or later, which includes a redesigned file upload mechanism that addresses the core validation flaws. Organizations should implement comprehensive file upload restrictions including MIME type validation, file extension filtering, and size limitations to prevent exploitation even if the underlying vulnerability is not immediately patched. The recommended migration path involves transitioning to the new file upload mechanism provided by Apache Struts, which incorporates enhanced security controls and better validation practices. Security teams should conduct thorough vulnerability assessments of all Struts-based applications and implement network segmentation to limit the potential impact of successful exploitation. Additional defensive measures include implementing web application firewalls, monitoring file upload activities, and establishing incident response procedures specifically tailored to handle file upload related security incidents. Regular security assessments and penetration testing should be conducted to ensure that the upgraded systems maintain proper security posture against similar vulnerabilities.