CVE-2024-7519 in Firefox
Summary
by MITRE • 08/06/2024
Insufficient checks when processing graphics shared memory could have led to memory corruption. This could be leveraged by an attacker to perform a sandbox escape. This vulnerability affects Firefox < 129, Firefox ESR < 115.14, and Firefox ESR < 128.1.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 03/15/2025
This vulnerability represents a critical memory corruption issue within the graphics processing subsystem of Mozilla Firefox browsers. The flaw occurs when the browser handles shared memory operations during graphics rendering, specifically in the validation mechanisms that should prevent unauthorized memory access patterns. The insufficient input validation and boundary checking in the graphics shared memory processing code creates a pathway for malicious actors to manipulate memory structures that should remain protected from external interference. This type of vulnerability falls under the category of memory safety issues that can lead to arbitrary code execution when properly exploited, making it particularly dangerous in the context of web browsers where users frequently encounter untrusted content.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability stems from inadequate verification of graphics memory operations that occur when Firefox processes web content containing embedded graphics elements. When the browser attempts to manage shared memory segments used for graphics rendering, the validation logic fails to properly check memory boundaries and access permissions. This allows attackers to craft malicious graphics content that can manipulate memory locations outside of the intended graphics processing boundaries. The vulnerability is particularly concerning because it can be triggered through standard web browsing activities, requiring no special privileges or user interaction beyond visiting a malicious website. The flaw is categorized under common weakness enumeration CWE-121, which deals with stack-based buffer overflow conditions, though this specific case manifests through shared memory corruption rather than traditional stack manipulation.
The operational impact of CVE-2024-7519 extends beyond simple memory corruption to enable sandbox escape capabilities that fundamentally compromise browser security models. When successfully exploited, this vulnerability allows attackers to bypass the browser's security sandbox that isolates web content from the underlying operating system. This sandbox escape enables malicious actors to execute arbitrary code with the privileges of the browser process, potentially leading to full system compromise. The attack surface is particularly wide given that the vulnerability affects multiple Firefox versions including regular releases and extended support releases, meaning a significant portion of the user base remains at risk. The vulnerability can be leveraged through various attack vectors including malicious websites, compromised third-party content, or even through supply chain attacks targeting graphics libraries used by Firefox.
Security professionals should prioritize immediate patch deployment for all affected versions including Firefox 128 and earlier, Firefox ESR 115.13 and earlier, and Firefox ESR 128.0 and earlier. The mitigation strategy should include comprehensive browser updates as the primary defense mechanism, with additional network-level protections such as content security policies and web application firewalls that can help detect and block malicious graphics content. Organizations should implement monitoring for unusual graphics processing patterns and memory access behaviors that might indicate exploitation attempts. From an attacker perspective, this vulnerability aligns with techniques described in the attack tree framework under the MITRE ATT&CK methodology where adversaries seek to escalate privileges through browser-based exploitation. The vulnerability's impact is further amplified by its potential to serve as a stepping stone for more sophisticated attacks, making it a high-priority target for immediate remediation in enterprise security environments.