CVE-2025-0074 in Android
Summary
by MITRE • 08/27/2025
In process_service_attr_rsp of sdp_discovery.cc, there is a possible way to execute arbitrary code due to a use after free. This could lead to remote code execution with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 09/06/2025
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-0074 represents a critical use after free condition within the Bluetooth service discovery protocol implementation, specifically within the process_service_attr_rsp function located in sdp_discovery.cc. This flaw exists in the Bluetooth stack's handling of service attribute responses, where improper memory management allows attackers to manipulate freed memory locations. The vulnerability stems from insufficient validation of service attribute response data structures before memory deallocation occurs, creating opportunities for memory corruption that can be exploited to execute arbitrary code. The use after free condition manifests when the system continues to reference memory that has already been freed, potentially allowing attackers to overwrite critical data structures or function pointers with malicious content.
The technical exploitation of this vulnerability leverages the inherent characteristics of memory management flaws within the Bluetooth service discovery protocol implementation. When processing service attribute responses, the system allocates memory for response data structures and subsequently frees them upon completion of processing. However, the function process_service_attr_rsp fails to properly validate or invalidate references to these freed memory regions before they become available for reuse. This creates a window where an attacker can craft malicious service attribute responses that, when processed by the vulnerable system, cause the freed memory to be repurposed with attacker-controlled data. The vulnerability operates without requiring any user interaction, as it can be triggered through standard Bluetooth service discovery operations, making it particularly dangerous for remote exploitation scenarios. The lack of additional execution privileges required for exploitation means that an attacker can achieve code execution directly from a remote Bluetooth connection without needing to first establish a foothold through other attack vectors.
The operational impact of CVE-2025-0074 extends across numerous Bluetooth-enabled devices and systems that rely on the affected service discovery protocol implementation. This vulnerability affects devices that implement standard Bluetooth service discovery mechanisms, including smartphones, tablets, laptops, IoT devices, and embedded systems that communicate using Bluetooth protocols. The remote code execution capability provides attackers with complete control over affected systems, potentially enabling them to install malicious software, access sensitive data, or establish persistent backdoors. The vulnerability's accessibility through standard Bluetooth service discovery operations means that attackers can exploit it from considerable distances without requiring physical proximity or specialized equipment. This makes the vulnerability particularly concerning for environments where Bluetooth connectivity is prevalent and security controls may be insufficient. The attack surface is broad due to the widespread adoption of Bluetooth protocols in consumer and enterprise environments, potentially affecting millions of devices simultaneously. The vulnerability also represents a significant risk to industrial control systems and automotive applications that utilize Bluetooth for service discovery and device communication.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2025-0074 should focus on immediate patching of affected systems and implementation of network-level controls to restrict Bluetooth service discovery operations. Organizations should prioritize updating their Bluetooth stack implementations to versions that address the use after free condition in the process_service_attr_rsp function. This involves applying vendor-specific security patches that correct memory management practices and implement proper validation of service attribute response data structures. Network administrators should consider implementing Bluetooth service discovery filtering rules that limit exposure to potentially malicious service attribute responses. The mitigation approach should also include monitoring for unusual Bluetooth service discovery patterns that could indicate exploitation attempts. System hardening measures should be implemented to reduce the attack surface, including disabling unnecessary Bluetooth services and implementing strict access controls for Bluetooth communication. Additionally, security teams should conduct comprehensive vulnerability assessments to identify all systems running the affected Bluetooth implementations and prioritize remediation efforts based on risk exposure. The vulnerability aligns with CWE-416, which describes the use after free condition, and represents a significant concern within the ATT&CK framework under the T1059 technique for execution through remote services. Organizations should also implement network segmentation to isolate critical systems from Bluetooth-enabled devices and establish incident response procedures specifically designed to handle Bluetooth-based exploitation attempts.