CVE-2025-0474 in Invoice Ninja
Summary
by MITRE • 01/14/2025
Invoice Ninja is vulnerable to authenticated Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) allowing for arbitrary file read and network resource requests as the application user. This issue affects Invoice Ninja: from 5.8.56 through 5.11.23.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 01/14/2025
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-0474 represents a critical authenticated server-side request forgery flaw within Invoice Ninja software versions ranging from 5.8.56 through 5.11.23. This vulnerability operates under the Common Weakness Enumeration framework as CWE-918, specifically categorized as Server-Side Request Forgery, where an authenticated attacker can manipulate the application's server-side processes to make unauthorized requests to internal or external resources. The flaw stems from insufficient validation of user-supplied input that is subsequently used in HTTP requests, allowing malicious actors to bypass normal access controls and potentially escalate their privileges within the application environment.
The technical exploitation of this vulnerability requires an authenticated user session within the Invoice Ninja application, which significantly reduces the attack surface compared to unauthenticated exploits. However, the impact remains severe as the authenticated attacker can leverage the SSRF vulnerability to perform arbitrary file reads from the server filesystem and initiate network requests to internal systems that would normally be restricted from external access. This capability enables attackers to potentially access sensitive configuration files, database credentials, or other internal resources that are not directly exposed to the internet, creating a significant risk for organizations that rely on Invoice Ninja for financial operations and data management.
The operational impact of CVE-2025-0474 extends beyond simple data theft, as it provides attackers with the ability to map internal network topologies and potentially establish persistence within the organization's infrastructure. Attackers can use this vulnerability to probe internal services, gather information about network architecture, and potentially escalate their access to other systems within the organization's network perimeter. The vulnerability affects a substantial range of Invoice Ninja versions, indicating that organizations running any version within this range are potentially at risk and should consider immediate remediation actions.
Security practitioners should note that this vulnerability aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK framework under the T1190 technique for Exploit Public-Facing Application, where attackers leverage authenticated access to perform more sophisticated attacks. The attack chain typically involves initial access through legitimate authentication, followed by exploitation of the SSRF vulnerability to gain access to internal resources that would normally be protected by network segmentation. Organizations should implement comprehensive network monitoring to detect unusual outbound requests that may indicate exploitation attempts, and should consider implementing web application firewalls to help mitigate potential SSRF attack vectors.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2025-0474 should prioritize immediate patching of affected Invoice Ninja versions to the latest releases that contain the necessary security fixes. Organizations should also implement strict input validation controls, particularly for parameters that are used in HTTP request construction, and should consider implementing network segmentation to limit the potential impact of successful exploitation attempts. Additionally, organizations should conduct thorough security assessments of their Invoice Ninja deployments to identify any potential bypass mechanisms or additional vulnerabilities that may have been introduced through custom configurations or third-party integrations. The vulnerability underscores the importance of maintaining current security patches and implementing robust application security controls to prevent authenticated attackers from leveraging seemingly minor flaws into significant security breaches.