CVE-2025-0786 in CDG
Summary
by MITRE • 01/29/2025
A vulnerability was found in ESAFENET CDG V5. It has been classified as critical. Affected is an unknown function of the file /appDetail.jsp. The manipulation of the argument flowId leads to sql injection. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 05/16/2025
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-0786 represents a critical sql injection flaw within the ESAFENET CDG V5 application platform. This security weakness resides in the /appDetail.jsp file where an unvalidated parameter named flowId is processed without adequate input sanitization measures. The flaw allows attackers to manipulate the argument flowId in ways that can compromise the underlying database infrastructure through malicious sql payloads. The vulnerability's classification as critical stems from its potential to enable full database compromise, data exfiltration, and unauthorized system access. Security researchers have confirmed that this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, meaning attackers can leverage it without requiring physical access to the target system. The public disclosure of the exploit code has significantly increased the threat surface, as malicious actors can now readily implement attacks against vulnerable instances. The vendor responsible for the ESAFENET CDG V5 platform was notified of this vulnerability in advance of public disclosure, yet failed to provide any response or remediation guidance during the responsible disclosure period. This lack of vendor engagement compounds the severity of the situation, leaving organizations exposed to potential attacks without official mitigation guidance.
The technical implementation of this sql injection vulnerability demonstrates a classic failure in input validation and parameter handling within the web application layer. When the flowId parameter is passed to the /appDetail.jsp endpoint, the application fails to properly sanitize or escape user-supplied data before incorporating it into sql query construction. This creates an environment where attackers can inject malicious sql commands that execute with the privileges of the database user account. The vulnerability specifically affects the application's data processing functions and can potentially allow attackers to extract sensitive information, modify database contents, or even escalate privileges within the system. According to CWE standards, this represents a CWE-89 sql injection vulnerability, which is categorized as a high-risk weakness in web application security. The attack vector is particularly concerning as it operates entirely through standard http requests that can be executed from any network location, making it accessible to both skilled and automated attack tools.
The operational impact of CVE-2025-0786 extends beyond simple data compromise to encompass complete system integrity violations and potential business disruption. Organizations utilizing ESAFENET CDG V5 systems face immediate risks including unauthorized data access, information leakage, and potential system downtime. The remote exploitability means that attackers can target vulnerable systems from anywhere on the internet without requiring network proximity or insider knowledge. This vulnerability creates opportunities for advanced persistent threats where attackers can establish long-term access to affected systems. The disclosure of exploit code accelerates the likelihood of exploitation, as it reduces the technical barrier for threat actors to implement attacks. From an att&ck framework perspective, this vulnerability maps to techniques involving command and control communication, credential access, and privilege escalation. The lack of vendor response during the disclosure window leaves organizations without official guidance or patches, forcing them to implement emergency mitigation measures or seek alternative security solutions.
Organizations affected by CVE-2025-0786 should immediately implement network-level mitigations including firewall rules that restrict access to the vulnerable /appDetail.jsp endpoint and implement web application firewalls to detect and block sql injection attempts. The most effective immediate solution involves patching the application with proper input validation and parameterized queries to eliminate the sql injection vector. Security teams should conduct comprehensive vulnerability assessments to identify all instances of the affected software and ensure complete remediation across the organization. Additionally, implementing database activity monitoring and intrusion detection systems can help detect exploitation attempts and provide early warning of potential breaches. Organizations should also consider implementing application whitelisting and least privilege access controls to minimize the impact if exploitation occurs. The absence of vendor response underscores the importance of maintaining internal security controls and having contingency plans for vendor inaction. Regular security audits and penetration testing should be conducted to identify similar vulnerabilities in other applications and systems. Organizations should also establish clear communication channels with vendors regarding security vulnerabilities and maintain detailed incident response procedures for handling such critical threats. The vulnerability serves as a reminder of the critical importance of maintaining up-to-date security patches and having robust security monitoring in place to detect and respond to threats before they can cause significant damage.