CVE-2025-10323 in WL-WN578W2
Summary
by MITRE • 09/12/2025
A vulnerability was found in Wavlink WL-WN578W2 221110. The impacted element is the function sub_409184 of the file /wizard_rep.shtml. The manipulation of the argument sel_EncrypTyp results in command injection. The attack may be performed from remote. The exploit has been made public and could be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 10/03/2025
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-10323 affects the Wavlink WL-WN578W2 221110 wireless router model, representing a critical command injection flaw within the web administration interface. This vulnerability resides in the sub_409184 function located within the /wizard_rep.shtml file, which processes user input through the sel_EncrypTyp parameter. The flaw demonstrates a classic lack of proper input validation and sanitization, allowing an attacker to inject malicious commands that execute with the privileges of the web server process. The vulnerability's remote exploitability means that attackers can leverage this flaw without requiring physical access to the device, making it particularly dangerous in networked environments where such devices are commonly deployed.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability stems from improper handling of user-supplied data within the web interface's configuration wizard functionality. When the sel_EncrypTyp parameter is manipulated, the system fails to properly validate or sanitize the input before incorporating it into system commands, creating an environment where arbitrary command execution becomes possible. This flaw aligns with CWE-77 and CWE-89, which respectively address improper neutralization of special elements used in OS commands and improper neutralization of special elements used in SQL commands, though the specific manifestation here involves OS command injection. The attack vector operates through the web-based management interface, where an unauthenticated remote attacker can submit malicious input that gets processed by the vulnerable function, potentially allowing full system compromise.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple command execution, as it provides attackers with complete control over the affected device's functionality and potentially the entire network segment it serves. Successful exploitation could enable attackers to modify network configurations, install malicious firmware, access sensitive network data, or use the device as a pivot point for further attacks within the network. The fact that this vulnerability has been publicly exploited and the vendor's lack of response indicates a critical security gap that leaves numerous devices exposed to potential compromise. This situation exemplifies the ATT&CK technique T1059.001 for Command and Scripting Interpreter, where adversaries leverage command injection vulnerabilities to execute arbitrary commands on compromised systems.
Security mitigation strategies should focus on immediate device isolation and firmware updates, though the vendor's lack of response complicates this approach. Network segmentation and firewall rules should be implemented to restrict access to the device's management interfaces, while monitoring for suspicious network traffic patterns can help detect exploitation attempts. The vulnerability highlights the importance of input validation and proper sanitization in web applications, particularly those handling user input for system commands. Organizations should consider implementing web application firewalls to detect and block malicious input patterns targeting such vulnerabilities, while also establishing procedures for tracking and remediating unpatched devices in their network infrastructure. The public availability of exploitation tools for this vulnerability increases the urgency for immediate remediation actions across affected deployments.