CVE-2025-2028 in Management Log Server
Summary
by MITRE • 08/06/2025
Lack of TLS validation when downloading a CSV file including mapping from IPs to countries used ONLY for displaying country flags in logs
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 08/27/2025
This vulnerability represents a critical security flaw in the validation of TLS connections when downloading external CSV data files containing IP-to-country mappings for log display purposes. The issue stems from insufficient certificate validation mechanisms during the download process, potentially allowing attackers to perform man-in-the-middle attacks against the data source. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-295 which specifically addresses improper certificate validation in TLS implementations. When systems download CSV files containing IP-to-country mappings for country flag display in logs, they typically establish HTTPS connections to retrieve this data. However, the absence of proper TLS validation means that certificates are not adequately verified against trusted certificate authorities, creating an attack surface where malicious actors could intercept and manipulate the downloaded data. The operational impact extends beyond simple data corruption as this vulnerability could enable attackers to redirect traffic through compromised servers, potentially leading to data exfiltration or injection of malicious content into log systems. The threat model aligns with ATT&CK technique T1071.004 which covers application layer protocol: DNS, and T1566 which addresses credential harvesting through spearphishing. Attackers could exploit this weakness by presenting fake certificates to the downloading system, causing the application to accept compromised data that appears legitimate. The vulnerability is particularly concerning in environments where log analysis and monitoring systems rely on accurate geolocation data for threat detection and incident response activities. The lack of proper TLS validation creates a persistent security risk as the compromised data could be used to manipulate geolocation-based security decisions, potentially allowing malicious activities to go undetected by geographic-based security controls. Organizations using affected systems face increased risk of security incidents where attacker-controlled data might be displayed in log systems, undermining the integrity of security monitoring and forensic analysis capabilities. The vulnerability demonstrates a common oversight in security implementation where developers focus on functional requirements while neglecting proper security validation mechanisms for external data sources. This flaw represents a failure in the principle of least privilege and secure coding practices, as the system should validate all external communications regardless of the data's apparent benign nature. The mitigation strategy should include implementing proper certificate validation, including certificate pinning where appropriate, and ensuring that all external data downloads use properly validated TLS connections. Additionally, organizations should consider implementing network segmentation and monitoring for unusual data download patterns to detect potential exploitation attempts. The vulnerability highlights the importance of applying security controls to all network communications, not just those considered critical from a business perspective, as even seemingly innocuous data sources can become attack vectors when proper validation mechanisms are absent.