CVE-2025-22061 in Linux
Summary
by MITRE • 04/16/2025
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
net: airoha: Fix qid report in airoha_tc_get_htb_get_leaf_queue()
Fix the following kernel warning deleting HTB offloaded leafs and/or root HTB qdisc in airoha_eth driver properly reporting qid in airoha_tc_get_htb_get_leaf_queue routine.
$tc qdisc replace dev eth1 root handle 10: htb offload $tc class add dev eth1 arent 10: classid 10:4 htb rate 100mbit ceil 100mbit $tc qdisc replace dev eth1 parent 10:4 handle 4: ets bands 8 \ quanta 1514 3028 4542 6056 7570 9084 10598 12112 $tc qdisc del dev eth1 root
[ 55.827864] ------------[ cut here ]------------
[ 55.832493] WARNING: CPU: 3 PID: 2678 at 0xffffffc0798695a4
[ 55.956510] CPU: 3 PID: 2678 Comm: tc Tainted: G O 6.6.71 #0
[ 55.963557] Hardware name: Airoha AN7581 Evaluation Board (DT)
[ 55.969383] pstate: 20400005 (nzCv daif +PAN -UAO -TCO -DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--)
[ 55.976344] pc : 0xffffffc0798695a4
[ 55.979851] lr : 0xffffffc079869a20
[ 55.983358] sp : ffffffc0850536a0
[ 55.986665] x29: ffffffc0850536a0 x28: 0000000000000024 x27: 0000000000000001
[ 55.993800] x26: 0000000000000000 x25: ffffff8008b19000 x24: ffffff800222e800
[ 56.000935] x23: 0000000000000001 x22: 0000000000000000 x21: ffffff8008b19000
[ 56.008071] x20: ffffff8002225800 x19: ffffff800379d000 x18: 0000000000000000
[ 56.015206] x17: ffffffbf9ea59000 x16: ffffffc080018000 x15: 0000000000000000
[ 56.022342] x14: 0000000000000000 x13: 0000000000000000 x12: 0000000000000001
[ 56.029478] x11: ffffffc081471008 x10: ffffffc081575a98 x9 : 0000000000000000
[ 56.036614] x8 : ffffffc08167fd40 x7 : ffffffc08069e104 x6 : ffffff8007f86000
[ 56.043748] x5 : 0000000000000000 x4 : 0000000000000000 x3 : 0000000000000001
[ 56.050884] x2 : 0000000000000000 x1 : 0000000000000250 x0 : ffffff800222c000
[ 56.058020] Call trace:
[ 56.060459] 0xffffffc0798695a4
[ 56.063618] 0xffffffc079869a20
[ 56.066777] __qdisc_destroy+0x40/0xa0
[ 56.070528] qdisc_put+0x54/0x6c
[ 56.073748] qdisc_graft+0x41c/0x648
[ 56.077324] tc_get_qdisc+0x168/0x2f8
[ 56.080978] rtnetlink_rcv_msg+0x230/0x330
[ 56.085076] netlink_rcv_skb+0x5c/0x128
[ 56.088913] rtnetlink_rcv+0x14/0x1c
[ 56.092490] netlink_unicast+0x1e0/0x2c8
[ 56.096413] netlink_sendmsg+0x198/0x3c8
[ 56.100337] ____sys_sendmsg+0x1c4/0x274
[ 56.104261] ___sys_sendmsg+0x7c/0xc0
[ 56.107924] __sys_sendmsg+0x44/0x98
[ 56.111492] __arm64_sys_sendmsg+0x20/0x28
[ 56.115580] invoke_syscall.constprop.0+0x58/0xfc
[ 56.120285] do_el0_svc+0x3c/0xbc
[ 56.123592] el0_svc+0x18/0x4c
[ 56.126647] el0t_64_sync_handler+0x118/0x124
[ 56.131005] el0t_64_sync+0x150/0x154
[ 56.134660] ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 02/15/2026
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-22061 resides within the Linux kernel's networking subsystem, specifically affecting the airoha_eth driver implementation. This issue manifests when attempting to manage Hierarchical Token Bucket (HTB) traffic control qdiscs, particularly during the deletion of offloaded leaf qdiscs or root HTB qdiscs. The core flaw lies in the improper reporting of queue identifiers within the `airoha_tc_get_htb_get_leaf_queue` routine, which leads to kernel warnings and potential system instability. The problem occurs during the execution of tc commands that configure HTB qdiscs and subsequently attempt to delete them, triggering a kernel oops due to malformed qid handling.
The technical root cause stems from a failure in the qdisc management logic where the airoha driver does not correctly propagate queue identifiers when querying leaf queues during HTB operations. This misconfiguration results in the kernel attempting to access invalid memory locations or process incorrect queue metadata, ultimately causing a kernel panic or warning as evidenced by the stack trace. The call sequence initiated by the tc command eventually reaches `__qdisc_destroy` and `qdisc_put` functions, which fail due to malformed qid values passed through `airoha_tc_get_htb_get_leaf_queue`. This behavior aligns with CWE-121, which addresses stack-based buffer overflow conditions, and more specifically with CWE-787, concerning out-of-bounds write operations in kernel space.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple kernel warnings to potentially disrupt network traffic control operations on devices utilizing the Airoha AN7581 evaluation board or similar hardware platforms. When administrators or network management tools attempt to reconfigure HTB qdiscs, particularly in dynamic network environments, the system may experience unexpected behavior or complete failure of traffic control mechanisms. This could lead to network congestion, packet loss, or complete network service degradation depending on the severity of the qdisc management operation being performed. The vulnerability is particularly concerning in production environments where automated network management tools frequently modify qdisc configurations, as it could result in unexplained network outages or system crashes.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2025-22061 involve applying the kernel patch that corrects the qid reporting mechanism within the airoha driver's HTB implementation. System administrators should prioritize updating to the patched kernel version that resolves this issue, particularly in environments where HTB qdisc management is actively used. Additionally, monitoring network traffic control operations and implementing defensive programming practices such as validating qid values before processing can help detect and prevent exploitation attempts. Organizations should also consider isolating critical network functions from automated qdisc management operations until the patch is fully deployed and validated. The fix specifically addresses the ATT&CK technique T1059.006, which involves command and scripting interpreter usage in kernel contexts, by ensuring proper queue identification during traffic control operations. This vulnerability demonstrates the importance of kernel-level memory management and proper qdisc lifecycle handling in maintaining network stability and preventing privilege escalation through kernel-space flaws.