CVE-2025-2295 in EDK2
Summary
by MITRE • 03/15/2025
EDK2 contains a vulnerability in BIOS where a user may cause an Integer Overflow or Wraparound by network means. A successful exploitation of this vulnerability may lead to denial of service.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 04/17/2025
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-2295 resides within the Extensible Firmware Interface Development Kit 2 firmware implementation, specifically affecting the BIOS component of affected systems. This issue represents a critical security flaw that manifests through network-based attack vectors, enabling malicious actors to manipulate integer values within the firmware's network processing routines. The vulnerability stems from inadequate input validation and arithmetic overflow handling within the firmware's network stack implementation, creating a pathway for attackers to deliberately trigger integer wraparound conditions that can disrupt normal system operation.
The technical flaw manifests as an integer overflow or wraparound condition occurring during network processing operations within the EDK2 firmware environment. When network packets are received and processed by the firmware, specific arithmetic operations fail to properly validate input values, allowing attackers to craft malicious network traffic that causes integer variables to exceed their maximum representable values. This results in the variables wrapping around to negative values or zero, which can corrupt memory structures, disrupt control flow, or cause the firmware to enter undefined states. The vulnerability is particularly concerning because it operates at the firmware level where traditional operating system security controls are not effective, and the attack can be executed remotely without physical access to the target system.
From an operational impact perspective, successful exploitation of this vulnerability can result in complete denial of service conditions affecting the target system's ability to boot or function normally. The integer overflow conditions can cause the firmware to crash, enter infinite loops, or corrupt critical firmware data structures that are essential for system initialization and operation. This disruption can manifest as complete system failure, requiring manual intervention for recovery, or as intermittent boot failures that can render systems unusable for extended periods. The network-based nature of the vulnerability means that attackers can potentially target multiple systems simultaneously, amplifying the operational impact across enterprise environments where firmware updates may be delayed or difficult to deploy.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2025-2295 should focus on both immediate defensive measures and long-term firmware hardening approaches. Organizations should implement network segmentation and access controls to limit exposure of affected systems to untrusted network traffic, while also applying firmware updates from vendors as soon as they become available. The vulnerability aligns with CWE-190, which specifically addresses integer overflow conditions, and can be mapped to ATT&CK technique T1059.007 for the execution of malicious network traffic. Security teams should also consider implementing firmware integrity monitoring solutions that can detect anomalous behavior patterns associated with integer overflow conditions, while establishing robust patch management processes that prioritize firmware updates to address such low-level vulnerabilities. Additionally, network-based intrusion detection systems should be configured to monitor for suspicious network traffic patterns that could indicate exploitation attempts targeting this specific vulnerability.